MicroRNAs in the Myelodysplastic Syndrome

Abstract

The myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) holds a special place among blood cancers, as it represents a whole spectrum of hematological disorders with impaired differentiation of hematopoietic precursors, bone marrow dysplasia, genetic instability and is noted for an increased risk of acute myeloid leukemia. Both genetic and epigenetic factors, including microRNAs (miRNAs), are involved in MDS development. MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNAs that are important regulators of normal hematopoiesis, and abnormal changes in their expression levels can contribute to hematological tumor development. To assess the prognosis of the disease, an international assessment system taking into account a karyotype, the number of blast cells, and the degree of deficiency of different blood cell types is used. However, the overall survival and effectiveness of the therapy offered are not always consistent with predictions. The search for new biomarkers, followed by their integration into the existing prognostic system, will allow for personalized treatment to be performed with more precision. Additionally, this paper explains how miRNA expression levels correlate with the prognosis of overall survival and response to the therapy offered.

Transposable elements and Piwi‑interacting RNAs in hemato‑oncology with a focus on myelodysplastic syndrome (Review)

“…Unlike miRNAs, for which there is a large body of information regarding their role in MDS and has been comprehensively reviewed elsewhere (145,146), information on the role of other types of sncRNAs remain limited. In terms of piRNA expression in MDS, only preliminary data have been reported to date (147,148).…”

Global Proteomics Analysis of Bone Marrow: Establishing Talin-1 and Centrosomal Protein of 55 kDa as Potential Molecular Signatures for Myelodysplastic Syndromes

“…In silico models also identified that onco-miRNAs and miRNAs linked to cell cycle control and death, immune system, angiogenesis, and hematopoiesis are capable of regulating TLN1 expression. Some of those miRNAs, such as miR-17-3p and miR-17-5p, are upregulated in the BM of patients with MDS-RS, refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia (RCMD), and RCMD with ringed sideroblasts, according to a recent review ( 69 ) and other studies ( 70 – 72 ). Other miRNAs, such as miR-27a-3p and miR-16-5p, were reduced in the plasma of patients with refractory cytopenia with unilineage dysplasia, refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts, RCMD, MDS-EB1, and MDS-EB2.…”

“…Similar to TLN1 , the expression of CEP55 is potentially regulated by oncogenes and miRNAs linked to DNA damage response, cell cycle, and AKT pathway. Several genes that define normal blood cells are regulated by miRNAs, and MDS prognosis is linked to certain miRNAs of the bone marrow, peripheral blood, and mononuclear cells ( 69 ). In fact, some CEP55 -controlling miRNAs identified in our in silico model have been listed as differentially expressed in other patients with MDS ( 70 , 71 , 81 , 82 ).…”

The Profile of MicroRNA Expression in Bone Marrow in Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas

“…MiRNAs were selected based on literature data. Experimental analysis involved 17 miRNAs: miR-16-5p, -155-5p, -124-3p, -221-3p, -181a-5p, -15a-5p, -30a-5p, -182-5p, -7-5p, -196b-5p, -20a-5p, -23b-3p, -26a-5p, -29b-3p, -10b-5p, -145-5p, and let-7a-5p [11,[18][19][20][21][22]. The reference miRNA was the geometric mean of Ct values of three reference miRNAs: miR-378-3p, -191-5p, and -103a-3p, which were selected based on our original data and literature data [23].…”

“…Both genetic and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, including microRNAs (miRNAs), are involved in tumor progression of malignant lymphomas with impairment of normal hematopoiesis. MiRNAs are short non-coding RNAs, and their aberrant expression can promote the development of hematological tumors [11]. To date, a number of studies have been published, which analyze levels of miRNA expression in lymph node tissue in NHL [12][13][14].…”