MicroRNAs as Guardians of the Prostate: Those Who Stand before Cancer. What Do We Really Know about the Role of microRNAs in Prostate Biology?

Andl, Thomas; Ganapathy, Kavya; Bossan, Alexia; Chakrabarti, Ratna

doi:10.3390/ijms21134796

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 235 publications

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“…A clinical trial that will analyze 75 approved anticancer agents for urothelial cancer, enlisting abiraterone, will provide more information on the efficacy of these agents in bladder cancer treatment [ 124 ]. Research is still lacking for small molecules that ortho- or allosterically interact with androgen receptors [ 125 , 126 ], as several other AR-targeted new drugs need to be investigated (such as RNA-based therapies), most of them for prostate cancer, although bladder cancer might also benefit from these [ 127 ].…”

Section: Bladder Cancer Therapiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Androgens and Androgen Receptor in Human Bladder Cancer

et al. 2021

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Bladder cancer (urothelial carcinoma) is one of the most frequently diagnosed neoplasms, with an estimated half a million new cases and 200,000 deaths per year worldwide. This pathology mainly affects men. Men have a higher risk (4:1) of developing bladder cancer than women. Cigarette smoking and exposure to chemicals such as aromatic amines, and aniline dyes have been established as risk factors for bladder cancer and may contribute to the sex disparity. Male internal genitalia, including the urothelium and prostate, are derived from urothelial sinus endoderm; both tissues express the androgen receptor (AR). Several investigations have shown evidence that the AR plays an important role in the initiation and development of different types of cancer including bladder cancer. In this article, we summarize the available data that help to explain the role of the AR in the development and progression of bladder cancer, as well as the therapies used for its treatment.

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Section: Bladder Cancer Therapiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Androgens and Androgen Receptor in Human Bladder Cancer

et al. 2021

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“…In non-small cell lung cancer, hsa-miR-532-3p regulates the forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) and thereby inhibits proliferation and metastasis ( 33 ). It must be noted that in terms of cancer research, the understanding of one dysregulated miRNA affecting a specific target mRNA is limited until further understanding of other miRNAs affecting the same mRNA is available ( 34 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

MicroRNAs from urinary exosomes as alternative biomarkers in the differentiation of benign and malignant prostate diseases

et al. 2022

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Introduction: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer and the fifth most cancer-related cause of death worldwide. Various tools are used in the diagnosis of PCa, such as the Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) value or digital rectal examination. A final differentiation from benign prostate diseases such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) can often only be made by a transrectal prostate biopsy. This procedure carries post-procedural complications for the patients and may lead to hospitalization. Urinary exosomes contain unique components, such as microRNAs (miRNAs) with information about their original tissue. As miRNAs appear to play a role in the development of PCa, they might be useful to develop procedures that could potentially make transrectal biopsies avoidable in certain situations. Methods: The current study aimed to investigate whether miRNAs from urinary exosomes can be used to differentiate PCa from BPH. For this purpose, urine samples from 28 patients with PCa and 25 patients with BPH were collected and analysed using next-generation sequencing to obtain expression profiles. Results and conclusion: The two miRNAs hsa-miR-532-3p and hsa-miR-6749-5p showed a significant differential expression within the group of patients with PCa in a training subset of the data containing 32 patients. They were further validated on the independent test data subset containing 20 patients. Additionally, a machine learning algorithm was used to generate a miRNA pattern to distinguish the two disease entities. Both approaches seem to be suitable for the search of alternative diagnostic tools for the differentiation of benign and malignant prostate diseases.

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“…The histopathologic tumor stage was pT2c for 47.9% of the patients, while 26.1% had pT3, and the ISUP grade group was 1 or 2 for 73.8% of the patients. The median CAPRA-S score was 3 (39.4% Capra-S low (0-2), 46.5% Capra-S intermediate (3)(4)(5), and 14.1% Capra-S high (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). Positive surgical margins were found in 30.5% of the cases.…”

Section: Patient Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…These miRNAs bind to the 3 / -untranslated region (3 / -UTR) of target messenger RNA (mRNA) and are used to identify target mRNA transcripts. They can prevent protein expression through cleavage of specific target mRNAs or through inhibition of their translation, and thus influence developmental processes, tissue housekeeping and tumorigenesis [ 6 ]. Aberrant expression or dysregulation of miRNA can influence the activity of tumor suppressors or oncogenes in many human cancers [ 6 , 7 ], including prostate cancer [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They can prevent protein expression through cleavage of specific target mRNAs or through inhibition of their translation, and thus influence developmental processes, tissue housekeeping and tumorigenesis [ 6 ]. Aberrant expression or dysregulation of miRNA can influence the activity of tumor suppressors or oncogenes in many human cancers [ 6 , 7 ], including prostate cancer [ 8 ]. An example of this is how miR-21 expression can trigger an epithelial to mesenchymal transition in aggressive prostate cancer cells through the Wnt signaling axis [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Expression of miR-24-1-5p in Tumor Tissue Influences Prostate Cancer Recurrence: The PROCA-life Study

Stikbakke

Wilsgaard

Haugnes

et al. 2022

Cancers

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The role of miR-24-1-5p and its prognostic implications associated with prostate cancer are mainly unknown. In a population-based cohort, the Prostate Cancer Study throughout life (PROCA-life), all men had a general health examination at study entry and were followed between 1994 and 2016. Patients with available tissue samples after a prostatectomy with curative intent were identified (n = 189). The tissue expression of miR-24-1-5p in prostate cancer was examined by in situ hybridization (ISH) in tissue microarray (TMA) blocks by semi-quantitative scoring by two independent investigators. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to study the associations between miR-24-1-5p expression and prostate cancer recurrence. The prostate cancer patients had a median age of 65.0 years (range 47–75 years). The Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment Postsurgical Score, International Society of Urological Pathology grade group, and European Association of Urology Risk group were all significant prognostic factors for five-year recurrence-free survival (p < 0.001). Prostate cancer patients with a high miR-24-1-5p expression (≥1.57) in the tissue had a doubled risk of recurrence compared to patients with low expression (HR 1.99, 95% CI 1.13–3.51). Our study suggests that a high expression of miR-24-1-5p is associated with an increased risk of recurrence of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy, which points to the potential diagnostic and therapeutic value of detecting miR-24-1-5p in prostate cancer cases.

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MicroRNAs as Guardians of the Prostate: Those Who Stand before Cancer. What Do We Really Know about the Role of microRNAs in Prostate Biology?

Cited by 14 publications

References 235 publications

The Role of Androgens and Androgen Receptor in Human Bladder Cancer

The Role of Androgens and Androgen Receptor in Human Bladder Cancer

MicroRNAs from urinary exosomes as alternative biomarkers in the differentiation of benign and malignant prostate diseases

Expression of miR-24-1-5p in Tumor Tissue Influences Prostate Cancer Recurrence: The PROCA-life Study

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