Micropropagtion of apples (Malus sp.)

Druart, Philippe

doi:10.1007/978-94-010-0125-0_14

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Maintenance of true-to-type clonal fidelity is an essential factor to be monitored during conservation of vegetatively propagated species. With an increased number of plants obtained by clonal propagation, the analysis of somaclonal variation or genetic fidelity requires efficient screening methods (Druart, 2003). SSR markers have a number of positive features that make them superior to other molecular markers in the genetic characterization of individuals, such as their multiallelic nature, codominant inheritance, high abundance, reproducibility, transferability over genotypes, and extensive genome coverage (Schlötterer, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) genotypes originating from three complementary conservation strategies

Butiuc¹,

Coste²,

Farkas³

et al. 2019

Turk J Agric For

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Apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) genotypes originating from different plant collections (field collection, in vitro plant collections undergoing or not undergoing cryopreservation) were screened and characterized by SSR markers. Shoot tips excised from plants grown in vitro were successfully cryopreserved by encapsulation-dehydration. The highest regrowth frequency (69%, cultivar Goldrush) of cryopreserved apices was achieved after 24 h of osmoprotection in 0.5 M sucrose, 3 h of desiccation, and 24% water content of alginate beads. No differences in morphological characteristics including shoot length and number and length of roots were observed between controls and plants recovered after cryopreservation. SSR markers were used for calculation of genetic similarities between plants from the field collection, in vitro-micropropagated plants, or plants regenerated after liquid nitrogen storage. The set of microsatellite markers showed a low level of polymorphism among the studied genotypes, which could be distinguished by a specific combination of alleles generated by CH03g07, CH05c02, CH05d11, and CH05e03 primers. The CH03g07, CH05c02, CH05d11, CH05e03, GD96, GD147, and GD162 SSR markers exhibited low levels of polymorphism, while CH04AE07, CH04g10, GD100, and GD142 were nonpolymorphic. The Dice coeffi cient confirmed the effectiveness of SSRs for distinguishing between plants from ex situ collections and preserved plants. No major differences between ex situ plants, micropropagated plants, and plants recovered after cryopreservation were observed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) genotypes originating from three complementary conservation strategies

Butiuc¹,

Coste²,

Farkas³

et al. 2019

Turk J Agric For

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“…These genotypes are introduced in vitro through meristem tip culture and proliferate through axillary branching according to methods and culture conditions elsewhere described for fruit tree micropropagation (Druart, 2003).…”

Section: Plant Materials and Culture Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular investigations of the somatic embryogenesis recalcitrancein the cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) rootstock CAB 6P

Mahmoud¹,

Jedidi²,

Delporte³

et al. 2017

Turk J Biol

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IntroductionSomatic embryogenesis is the process by which somatic cells, under induction conditions, generate embryogenic cells that go through a series of morphological and biochemical changes that result in the formation of somatic embryos (Quiroz-Figueroa et al., 2006). This process is feasible because plants possess cellular totipotency, by which individual somatic cells can regenerate a whole plant (Vasil and Vasil, 1972). The acquisition of embryogenic competence by somatic cells is a complex process that comprises several phases: dedifferentiation, cell reactivation, cell divisions, and various metabolic and developmental reprogramming steps (Ochatt, 2010). The technique of embryogenesis makes an attractive tool not only for mass production but also for crop improvement and genetic transformation (Pérez-Clemente et al., 2004;Quiroz-Figueroa et al., 2006;Namasivayam, 2007). However, the initiation of somatic embryogenesis in plants depends on both extrinsic and intrinsic factors.Among the various extrinsic factors that may induce an embryogenic pathway of development, plant growth regulators, especially auxins, have been known to be implicated in cell cycle regulation, cell division, and differentiation (Del Pozo and Manzano, 2014) as well as in the induction of somatic embryogenesis (Pasternak, 2002). Picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolonic acid), a synthetic auxin, is particularly effective for induction of cell division, proliferation, and further regeneration such as somatic embryogenesis in a range of plant species (Barro et al., 1999;Sanchez-Romero, 2005;Gomes et al., 2006). It acts by inducing auxin sensitivity in nondividing cells that are arrested in G1 (growth phase), enabling them to reenter the S phase (DNA replication) and mitosis (He et al., 2010).Regarding intrinsic factors, genotype is the most determinant in embryogenic competence (Fehér, 2008;Ochatt et al., 2010;Isah, 2016). Various groups, families, and genera are still regarded as recalcitrant to embryogenesis, like Prunus (Druart, 1999). Such recalcitrance has handicapped and delayed the exploitation of biotechnology approaches for breeding in many species and was and still is the subject of research in many laboratories (Ochatt et al., 2010).

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