“…The need for mass propagation has led to the development of in vitro methods such as the propagation of large-scale PLBs using: shoot tips (Malabadi et al, 2005;Sheela et al, 2004), leaf segments (Martin and Madassery, 2006;Park et al, 2002a), protocorms (Sheelavanthmath et al, 2005;Teng et al, 2004), flower stalks (Chen and Chang, 2000;Chen et al, 2002), stem segments (Luo et al, 2008) and root tips (Manners et al, 2010;Park et al, 2003). PLBs can proliferate rapidly and can readily regenerate into complete plantlets, so they are also the most general target tissue for genetic transformation studies in orchids (Liau et al, 2003;Sreeramanan et al, 2008).…”