Micropropagation and antimicrobial activity of Curcuma aromatica Salisb., a threatened aromatic medicinal plant

Abstract

IntroductionCurcuma aromatica Salisb. (Zingiberaceae), indigenous to South Asia, is a robust zingiber with stout underground rhizomes. This wild, aromatic, and attractive turmeric is probably the most useful among the turmeric members for its unique medicinal values. C. aromatica rhizome is a rich source of volatile oil, which consists of several major anti-tumor ingredients including demethoxycurcumin, β-elemene, curcumol, curdione, etc. (Zhou et al., 1997;Dulak, 2005). C. aromatica could promote blood circulation to remove blood stasis and treat cancers and angiogenesis (Kim et al., 2002). The oil infused via the hepatic artery has proven to exert ideal therapeutic effects in humans with primary liver cancer and rats with transplanted hepatoma (Cheng et al., 1999). Curcumin, the most prevalent active secondary ingredient in C. aromatica, acts as a promising agent in the treatment and/or prevention of Alzheimer's disease (Ringman et al., 2005). In addition, the rhizome is Abstract: A rapid and improved micropropagation protocol was developed for Curcuma aromatica, a threatened aromatic medicinal plant, using rhizome sprout as the explant. Stepwise optimization of different plant growth regulators, carbon sources, and basal media was adopted to establish an efficient micropropagation protocol. When cytokinins, such as benzyl amino purine (BAP) or 6-(α,αdimethylallylamino)-purine (2iP), were used either singly or in combination with naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) for shoot induction and multiplication, a single use of BAP was the most effective. As a carbon source, 3% (w/v) sucrose exhibits the greatest promotive effect on shoot initiation and proliferation compared with other carbon sources used. Among the basal media, full strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) media produced the best results, compared to other media studied. By using the most effective treatment from each category, an average of 13.2 shoots/per explant were produced after 6 weeks of culture. Moreover, 85% survival was achieved when rooted explants acclimatized ex vitro using a mixture of sterile sand, soil, and farmyard manure (1:1:1). In addition, antimicrobial activities of rhizome extracts were evaluated. Petroleum ether and chloroform extracts of field-grown rhizome showed potential antimicrobial properties against several human pathogenic bacteria including Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella sonnei, and Shigella dysenteriae, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 0.03 to 0.5 mg/mL. Thus, the optimized micropropagation protocol may offer large-scale production of plantlets to meet industrial demand for the rhizome. Moreover, our results suggest the rhizome extract of C. aromatica is a promising antimicrobial agent.

Antimicrobial potential of Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg clonally propagated via organogenesis

“…In many studies in which BAP and IBA plant growth regulators were used in equal amounts, shoot formations have been reported as results similar to our study 23,24 . When the literature is examined, many studies on the antimicrobial potential of medicinal plants produced by plant tissue culture attract the attention 25,26 . In this study, the antimicrobial potential of the Taraxacum officinale shoots obtained through propagation have been examined.…”

Evaluation of new protocols to Curcuma longa micropropagation: A medicinal and ornamental specie

“…Few essays evaluated the effect of other sugar sources compared to Zingiberaceae. A comparative study of wild turmeric seedlings cultivated in sucrose, glucose and maltose demonstrated that sucrose was the best source in relation to number of shoots and the length of aerial part (Sharmin et al, 2013). Jalil et al (2015) also verified that sucrose enhanced cells growth in a ginger suspension when compared with maltose, glucose and fructose.…”

Micropropagation of <i>Curcuma Sp</i>., a Threatened Medicinal Plant

“…Used the result of micropropagation of the species from the same Curcuma genus: C. longa [4] [5], C. zedoaria [6], C. amarrotica [7], C. caesia [8] [9], C. mangga [10]- [12], use medium MS (compele-100%) after 4, 6, 8 weeks, the result is not good: samples not division cell, could not form callus. Therefore, we have to test with 5 mediums as Table 1 in order to choose a suitable medium to cell of Curcuma sp.…”