Micropower transconductor for very-low frequency filters

Yodprasit, Uroschanit; Ngarmnil, J.

doi:10.1109/apccas.1998.743644

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The most commonly used mechanism is called transconductance reduction, which is applied to the OTAs, whose primary goal is to achieve extremely low transconductance values. Transconductance reduction can be achieved by one of the following three methods: current attenuation/cancellation [7] [8], voltage attenuation [9], and transconductance cascading [10]. Also, the implementation of Multiple-Input Bulk-Driven (MI-BD) [16], [19]- [22], and Multiple-Input Quasi Floating Gate (MI-QFG) [17]- [18] OTAs has been successfully explored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Reconfigurable-Band Analog Filter Standard-Cell Based on Differential/Single Input Signaling

Diaz-Sanchez,

Zamora-Mejia,

Rocha-Perez

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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This work presents a reconfigurable-band analog filter capable of performing the low-pass, high-pass, band-pass or all-pass functions. The proposed filter is a simple and compact cell composed of only two RC networks and one differential Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA). To select the desired filter type, two configurations must be done: 1) the two RC network shall be configured as lowpass/low-pass, high-pass/high-pass or low-pass/high-pass, 2) the input signals must be fed in differential or single mode. To validate theory and simulations, the proposed reconfigurable-band filter was designed, fabricated and measured to meet the biomedical band (0.1 Hz -10 kHz) in a 0.5 µm CMOS standard fabrication process. To achieve the extremely low RC time constants imposed by the biomedical band, the R element was implemented using PMOS high-value programmable resistor. The prototype exhibits a silicon area of 470 µm x 250 µm and a power consumption of 96.32 µW using a ± 0.8 V symmetric power supply. Due to this circuit's ability to perform four filter-functions, its operation band can be tuned over five decades, its power consumption is in the nano and micro-watt regime, and it is area compact, the proposed analog filter is a suitable candidate for being an analog standard-cell.INDEX TERMS CMOS, Continuous-time filter, Analog standar cell, Universal filter, Very-low frequency.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Reconfigurable-Band Analog Filter Standard-Cell Based on Differential/Single Input Signaling

Diaz-Sanchez,

Zamora-Mejia,

Rocha-Perez

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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“…Since the capacitance is limited by the available silicon area, a number of different techniques have been proposed to achieve a small transconductance. These include, using floating gate structures [6], scaled (low ratio) current mirrors [7], G m -G −1 m chains [8] and current division [9]. Although transconductances of under 10nA/V have been successfully achieved, no emphasis has been given to the temperature stability of such circuits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 5s-time-constant temperature-stable integrator for a tuneable PID controller in LOC applications

Liu²,

Constandinou

et al. 2011

2011 IEEE International Symposium of Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

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Abstract-In this paper, we present a novel, ultra-long-timeconstant analogue integrator for a PID controller in Lab-onChip (LOC) applications. A time constant of up to 5 seconds is achievable using a capacitance of only 18pF by exploiting transconductance reduction techniques involving current splitting and gm-attenuated OTA. Additionally, this architecture provides the ability to digitally tune the time constant from 200ms to 5s with 4-bit programmability. The design achieves a temperature dependance of 1.2% over the range from 0• C to 100• C with micropower consumption.

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“…However, this use of partial positive feedback relies on very good matching for successful operation. Finally, [2], [15] cascaded transconductance amplifiers with transresistance amplifiers, each of differing value, such that the overall transconductance was reduced. [2] reported a 100 mHz cut-off integrator, but it is noticeable that reported circuits using this technique do not supply noise or distortion figures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Subhertz Nanopower Low-Pass Filter

Rodriguez‐Villegas

Casson

Corbishley

2011

IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II

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Abstract-This brief presents a first order low pass filter topology capable of providing cut-off frequencies down to 2 mHz with a power consumption of 5 nW. The circuit is intended for signal conditioning applications, particularly for use with very low frequency physiological signals in low power portable medical equipment. To achieve the low frequency cut-off the filter is based around the use of a clocked transconductor which provides a low transconductance while using a relatively high bias current level. The circuit is implemented in a 0.35 µm technology with a 1 V supply and has a measured 32 µV RMS of noise and 64 dB dynamic range. In terms of power consumption and cut-off frequency the reported filter outperforms previous filters from the literature.

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Micropower transconductor for very-low frequency filters

Cited by 12 publications

References 7 publications

A Reconfigurable-Band Analog Filter Standard-Cell Based on Differential/Single Input Signaling

A Reconfigurable-Band Analog Filter Standard-Cell Based on Differential/Single Input Signaling

A 5s-time-constant temperature-stable integrator for a tuneable PID controller in LOC applications

A Subhertz Nanopower Low-Pass Filter

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