Microplastics releasing from personal care and cosmetic products in China

Lei, Kun; Qiao, Fei; Liu, Qing; Wei, Zhanliang; Qi, Hongli; Cui, Song; Yue, Xue; Deng, Yajuan; An, Lihui

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.09.016

Cited by 224 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Microplastics present in facial peels had a very wide particle size, from 5 to 2 mm. In other works on the particle size of microplastics in the body scrubs, similar or greater results are indicated [21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Composition of scrub-type cosmetics from the perspective of product ecology and microplastic content

Piotrowska

Czerwińska-Ledwig

Serdiuk

et al. 2020

Toxicol. Environ. Health Sci.

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Objective Civilisational progress causes bigger and bigger interference in the natural environment. The demand for plastics and their production is constantly growing what is the source of wastes. One of the sources of such waste is cosmetic industry. The main source of fragmented polyethylene is the generally used mechanical peelings. Methods The analysis included 130 scrub-type cosmetic preparations available in the Polish market. Proportional shares of the preparations with polyethylene, natural or mixed abrasive ingredient were determined. The types and frequencies of using natural abrasive materials and biodegradable polymers were characterised. It was analysed if the professional and generally available products differ in this respect. Results Among the analysed cosmetics, 72 (55%) included polyethylene, and for professional cosmetics, this proportion was 100. Compositions of drugstore cosmetics are varied, with many abrasive substances of natural origin, and only sometimes with polyethylene. Conclusions The differences observed between generally available cosmetics and professional cosmetics are surprising and indicate a greater ecological awareness of individual clients. The problem will be raised in the coming years more and more frequently, and, as proved by this analysis, manufacturers of professional cosmetics are not ready for this yet, and they have no alternative ecological solutions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Composition of scrub-type cosmetics from the perspective of product ecology and microplastic content

Piotrowska

Czerwińska-Ledwig

Serdiuk

et al. 2020

Toxicol. Environ. Health Sci.

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“…1c) of mNPs and wNPs showed characteristic Raman shifts at 1062.02, 1132.10, 1299.05, and 1444.69 cm-1 corresponding to the C-C stretching, CH2 twist and CH2 bending vibrations of polyethylene particles, respectively. [29,30] Since, polyethylene particles are the most prominently (i.e., 93%) used polymer type in cosmetics, it could be the highest fraction in the isolated mNPs and wNPs. As a result, the polyethylene peaks surpassed the Raman shift of other polymers such as polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polymethyl methacrylate, nylon, etc.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects on the nano-plastic particles internalization and induction of cellular response in human keratinocytes

Gopinath

Twayana

Ravanan

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Today cosmetic usage becomes customary in both sexes to improve their appearance and increase societal visibility. In this study, we have isolated nano-sized plastic particles ranging between 30 to 300 nm from the commercial face-scrubs and investigated its effects on keratinocytes. Results: Initially, nano-plastics adsorbed protein molecules and formed protein corona, thereby mimicked as protein aggregates, which then triggered the macropinocytosis activity. As a result, corrosion and degradation of plastic particles were observed. Concurrently, nano-plastics concentration-dependent cytotoxic, cytostatic, and cytoprotective activities were found in the keratinocytes. Additionally, a single dose of nano-plastics exposure for 48hrs resulted in the ROS mediated down-regulation of cell growth and proliferation inhibition followed by autophagy, finally, premature aging in HaCaT cells in 24 and 72 hrs of post-internalization, respectively. Conclusion: At the outset, this work provides insights into the nano-plastics concentration-dependent regulatory, cytoprotective, and cytotoxic effects in HaCaT cells. Further studies required to identify the detailed mechanisms of NPs toxicity on cells and the cytoprotective effect in cells at the molecular level.

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“…Overall, 7.1% of facial cleansers contained microplastics, with a mean ± standard deviation content of 25.04 ± 10.69 mg microplastics/g and mean size of 313 ± 130 μm. The majority of these microplastics were made of PE [54]. Microplastic beads are also used to regulate the viscosity of films, condition the skin, and stabilize emulsions: they are included into a wide range of products, such as soaps, shampoos, deodorants, wrinkle creams, moisturizers, shaving creams, sunscreen lotions, facial masks, lipsticks, eye shadows, and children's bubble bath [55].…”

Section: Other Routes Of Human Exposure To Nano-and Microplasticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotoxicity and intestinal effects of nano- and microplastics: a review of the literature

2020

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Background Together with poor biodegradability and insufficient recycling, the massive production and use of plastics have led to widespread environmental contamination by nano- and microplastics. These particles accumulate across ecosystems - even in the most remote habitats - and are transferred through food chains, leading to inevitable human ingestion, that adds to the highest one due to food processes and packaging. Objective The present review aimed at providing a comprehensive overview of current knowledge regarding the effects of nano- and microplastics on intestinal homeostasis. Methods We conducted a literature search focused on the in vivo effects of nano- and microplastics on gut epithelium and microbiota, as well as on immune response. Results Numerous animal studies have shown that exposure to nano- and microplastics leads to impairments in oxidative and inflammatory intestinal balance, and disruption of the gut’s epithelial permeability. Other notable effects of nano- and microplastic exposure include dysbiosis (changes in the gut microbiota) and immune cell toxicity. Moreover, microplastics contain additives, adsorb contaminants, and may promote the growth of bacterial pathogens on their surfaces: they are potential carriers of intestinal toxicants and pathogens that can potentially lead to further adverse effects. Conclusion Despite the scarcity of reports directly relevant to human, this review brings together a growing body of evidence showing that nano- and microplastic exposure disturbs the gut microbiota and critical intestinal functions. Such effects may promote the development of chronic immune disorders. Further investigation of this threat to human health is warranted.

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Microplastics releasing from personal care and cosmetic products in China

Cited by 224 publications

References 15 publications

Composition of scrub-type cosmetics from the perspective of product ecology and microplastic content

Composition of scrub-type cosmetics from the perspective of product ecology and microplastic content

Prospects on the nano-plastic particles internalization and induction of cellular response in human keratinocytes

Immunotoxicity and intestinal effects of nano- and microplastics: a review of the literature

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