Microplastics as a new, ubiquitous pollutant: Strategies to anticipate management and advise seafood consumers

Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) adsorbed to polyethylene microplastics: Accumulation and ecotoxicological effects in the clam Scrobicularia plana

“…The ingestion of MPs, along with a cocktail of contaminants, have biological consequences in bivalves and other marine organisms (Van Cauwenberghe et al, 2015;Sussarellu et al, 2016;Farady et al, 2019;Dowarah et al, 2020;Yu et al, 2020). Microplastics dimension are a key factor influencing both sorption and desorption rates of chemicals to and from particles (González-Soto et al, 2019), due to their high specific surface area to volume ratio and a short diffusion pathway, ensuring a rapid chemical exchange with the media (Velzeboer et al, 2018;Sikdokur et al, 2020).…”

Micro and Nano Plastics: A Consumer Perception Study on the Environment, Food Safety Threat and Control Systems

“…Galloway [3] predicted that by 2050 there will be 33 billion tons more plastics particles on the planet and Farady [5] speculated that the plastics debris by weight will be greater than fish in the aquatic environment. These figures parallel the estimates for microplastics and nano plastics in the environment as the plastics degenerates into smaller fragments instead of demineralising [5,20]. The degradation could take centuries, (Farady 2019) [5] stated that 1mm of microplastics could take up to 3 centuries to become nano plastics in a normal marine environment.…”

Microplastic Abundance in Telebralia at Mangrove Forest Pulau Panjang, Serang-Banten

“…More than 300 million tons of plastic are produced every year, and 8 million tons minimum of plastic end up in marine ecosystem [3]. At the marine ecosystem, microplastics (1 μm-5 mm) are one of the most ubiquitous pollutants [4][5]. Its small size and light weight make microplastic distributed undoubtedly throughout the marine ecosystem, putting it as one of the vital threat to global marine ecosystem, marine organism, and human [2].…”

“…Microplastics have direct impact to marine organism because marine organisms ingest microplastics. Those microplastics eventually have the ability to absorb persistent organic pollutant (POPs) which is toxic chemicals [5][6] Mangrove forest is one of the marine ecosystem that can be polluted by microplastics. Mangrove ecosystem is an accumulation zones, this cause mangrove forest's flora and fauna to be afflicted by plastic debris especially microplastics [7].…”