Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) adsorbed to polyethylene microplastics: Accumulation and ecotoxicological effects in the clam Scrobicularia plana

Effects of microplastics alone or with sorbed oil compounds from the water accommodated fraction of a North Sea crude oil on marine mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis)

“…In addition, at examining the presence of MPs in mussels exposed to MP25 and MP100, the prevalence and the total number of MPs observed in both exposure groups were lower than in mussels exposed to MPs alone. This reduced presence of MPs in mussels when they have sorbed pollutants has been observed in previous studies (Gonzalez-Soto et al, 2019;Islam et al, 2021) and could be due to a behavioural response of valve closure or to decreased appetite and feeding, that could prevent mussels from the accumulation of associated pollutants sorbed into MPs. If animals can reduce feeding rate or clearance rate, increase the production of pseudofeces or speed up defecation, the toxic impact caused by MPs can be reduced (Huang et al, 2021b).…”

Influence of Particle Size on Ecotoxicity of Low-Density Polyethylene Microplastics, with and without Adsorbed Benzo-a-Pyrene, in Clam Scrobicularia plana

“…Ribeiro et al [ 8 ], shows an increase in CAT activity in S. plana gills after three days of exposure to PS MPs (20 µm) while in the digestive gland CAT was inhibited after 7 days of exposure. Similarly, Gonzalez-Soto et al [ 41 ] also detected an increase in CAT activity in the mussels M. galloprovincialis exposed to PS MPs contaminated with BaP of two different sizes. BaP is known to induce oxidative stress in mussels M. galloprovincialis [ 50 ].…”

“…The results did not demonstrate significant differences of ingestion between different MPs sizes ( Figure 1 ). In a similar study, however, the ingestion of MPs in clams exposed to 20–25 μm uncontaminated LDPE MPs was significantly higher than in clams exposed to smaller 4–6 μm MPs [ 41 ]. On the other hand, the accumulation of BaP in clams’ whole soft tissues showed that BaP accumulation of clams exposed to 4–6 μm MPs + BaP was lower than in clams exposed to bigger MPs (20–25 μm) ( Table 2 ), indicating that BaP accumulation increased with size and larger particles deliver BaP better to the organisms.…”

Bioaccumulation of emerging contaminants in mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis): Influence of microplastics

“…All the PFASs modelled presented higher BCFs in the presence of MPs, PFASs have showed to adhere to plastic materials (Llorca et al, 2018), and Islam et al (Islam et al, 2021) showed that polyethylene MPs act as a vector for PFOS accumulation in Scrobivularia plana clams. This is in accordance with the results obtained in the present study, where PFDA, PFOA, PFOS and PFPeA showed 30-69% more bioaccumulation in the presence of MPs.…”