Microplastic pollution in water, sediments and commercial fish species from Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta lagoon complex, Colombian Caribbean

Presence of microplastics: Impacts in a marine-coastal environment of the Colombian Caribbean

“…These are generally located on the outskirts of settlements that can harm both aquatic species and humans [9,[29][30][31][32]. On the other hand, the scenic quality of nature is disturbed by these plastic and microplastic materials [33,34].…”

“…Marta and the Magdalena River, bringing suspended solids and different pollutants [9] The identifi cation of the mostly negative impacts caused on the lagoon system of the CGSM by the presence of MPs allows us to rethink the activities that infl uence it and is born as a starting point to establish a set of corrective actions or management guidelines, seeking a resilient, sustainable, and interconnected ecosystem [10]. The proposal of corrective actions is focused on the reduction and regulation of the emitting sources of plastic and microplastic, given that in the region different economic activities are developed, which imply the direct and indirect use of plastic, this is present in fi shing activities, agricultural production such as bananas, in commerce, tourism, or simply in the daily behavior of the population that inhabits the cienaga and its surroundings, and on the other hand, alternatives should be promoted to substitute the use of plastic for materials with less impact on the environment [11], hand in hand is the participation of communities and entities responsible for reducing waste production, and for example, the implementation of cleaner productions where the sustainable development of the CGSM would be guaranteed [12,13].…”

Characterization of ingested MPs and their relation with growth parameters of endemic and invasive fish from a coastal wetland

“…MPs are entering natural ecosystems from various sources. They are emerging pollutants that have been found in different environmental matrices of marine and coastal ecosystems, where they can generate harmful ecological impacts (Garcés-Ordóñez et al, 2022). There is widespread concern regarding the effect of MPs on wildlife.…”

Obtención y caracterización de colágeno del pez de agua dulce Prochilodus magdalenae: aplicación en películas biodegradables

“…Teniendo en cuenta el tamaño, se dividen en mega plásticos (>1 m), macro plásticos (1 m-25 mm), meso plásticos (25 -5 mm), micro plásticos (<5 mm) y nano plásticos (<1 μm) respectivamente (GESAMP, 2019). Estos residuos plásticos amenazan a los ecosistemas y al ser humano por el traslado de sustancias tóxicas y las interacciones tóxicas con organismos en varios niveles tróficos afectando los recursos pesqueros (Garcés-Ordóñez et al, 2022).…”