Microplastic contamination on Anadara granosa Linnaeus 1758 in Pangkal Babu mangrove forest area, Tanjung Jabung Barat district, Jambi

Abstract

Anadara granosa is an important food source for people in Tanjung Jabung Barat District, Jambi. This study uses samples of cockle, sediment and water. The results showed a 100% sample containing microplastic. The types of microplastic found are fiber, fragments and films. The average microplastic amount in A. granosa individuals was 434 ± 97.05 particles/individuals. Fiber is the type of microplastic that is most commonly found in samples of cockles, sediments and water. In the blood cockles sample, fiber was found as much as 180.6 ± 21.22 particles/individual and 4.1 ± 0.43 particles/g cockle. Fiber is also found with high concentration in water samples of 128.3 ± 0.15 particles/L. The river is indicated as a microplastic source to the sea. The station sample 1 in 100 m near the river mouth has a higher microplastic concentration with an average of 448.3 ± 53.92 microplastic/individual, compared to station sample 3 which is only 420.3 ± 42.66 microplastic/individual.

Investigation of Global Trends of Pollutants in Marine Ecosystems around Barrang Caddi Island, Spermonde Archipelago Cluster: An Ecological Approach

“…This is based on the difference in density between the two types of MP, which have higher specific gravity than water and film-type MP, so the two types of MP accumulate in greater concentrations on the bottom of the water [27,64]. The relatively settled lifestyle of sponges and their method of obtaining food nutrients by sucking particles from the mud and removing the dregs (filter feeder) are solid arguments for why the total abundance of MP in sediments is similar to that in sponges [26,27,39].…”

“…Seven types of MP are commonly found in marine ecosystems [18,70]. Their respective monomers are as follows: polypropylene (PP) with the molecular formula (C 3 H 6 )n; polyethylene (PE), a monomer of ethylene (C 2 H 4 )n; polystyrene (PS) (C 8 H 8 )n; polycarbonate (PC), which has a carbonyl functional group (O-(C=O)-O)n; polyamide-nylon (PA), with the monomer formula NH 2 (CH 2 ) 6 .NHCO(CH 2 ) 4 COOH; polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with unique components, such as chloride (C 2 H 3 Cl)n; and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), which is composed of three monomers with the formula (C 8 H 8 )x(C 4 H 6 )y(C 3 H 3 N)z [18,19,26,27,38,64]. The results of the MP-type analysis based on the FTIR spectrum are displayed for each sample obtained at ST 1 (Figure 4).…”

“…The handling of GTP as toxic components is a problem that has occurred for a long time, with impacts including contributions to the triggering of global warming and climate change; thus, they have become a severe problem for many countries in terms of handling and managing them [25][26][27][28]. Many countries have difficulty handling these GTP, especially developing countries with relatively low economic levels.…”

Kajian Fragmentasi Polypropylene Akibat Radiasi Sinar Ultraviolet dan Kecepatan Aliran Air

“…MP berjenis PP tersebut banyak ditemukan di permukaan Kali Surabaya pada kedalaman 16-30 cm, serta banyak ditemukan dalam bentuk film [5]. MP berbentuk film berasal dari sumber sekunder yang dihasilkan dari proses degradasi plastik [6]. MP memiliki kemampuan untuk berikatan dengan polutan organik lainnya, sehingga akumulasi MP berpotensi membahayakan kehidupan biota akuatik hingga manusia [7].…”

Development of Microplastic Research in Indonesia

“…Dari segi bentuk mikroplastik, ditemukan bahwa lebih banyak plastik berjenis fiber dibandingkan jenis mikroplastik yang lainnya (Asadi dkk., 2019;Asrin & Dipareza, 2019;Fitri and Patria, 2019;Mauludy, Yunanto & Yona, 2019;Priscilla dkk., 2019;Syafei dkk., 2019;Yudhantari dkk., 2019;Suwartiningsih dkk., 2020). Hal ini dapat disebabkan bentuk fiber mikroplastik dapat berasal dari degradasi pakaian melalui proses pencucian ataupun proses lainnya (Dris dkk., 2017).…”