Development of Microplastic Research in Indonesia

Abstract

Microplastics are plastic particles that have a diameter less than 5 mm. Research related to microplastics has developed in the world as well as in Indonesia. Research in Indonesia has been carried out in various places on the islands of Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi and Papua. However, there has been no study of the current development status of microplastic research in Indonesia. This paper describes the development of microplastic research in Indonesia from 2014 to 2020 using a systematic review method. The results of the review show that the majority of research on microplastics in Indonesia is about the distribution of microplastics, both in freshwater, marine, and in organisms. In terms of location, the majority of research on microplastics was in Java (66.67%), with the most common form of microplastics being fiber, compared to other forms. In addition, various microplastic concentrations were obtained from various locations. However, the concentrations obtained cannot be directly compared, because the sampling method used is different from one location to another. This is because the microplastic sampling method has not been standardized.

Oxoplastics, Bioplastics, and their Potential of Microplastics Generation (Case Study: Indonesia)

“…In Indonesia, there were also much research about microplastics, especially on Java island, most about the occurrence of microplastic in freshwater, marine water, and organism [38]. This occurrence of microplastics is also found in human stools collected from a fisherman community in the coastal area of Surabaya, Indonesia [39].…”

“…Some paper discuss that the particle releases from oxoplastic was not microplastic but only microparticle. However, with the definition of microplastic itself, and the source of oxoplastic that come from synthetic polymers, like the other conventional plastic [38], the particles are more likely to be defined as microplastic.…”

Proses Sosialisasi Bahaya Mikroplastik Melalui Portal Berita Online (Studi Evaluatif Dengan Pendekatan Model Public Relations)

“…Penilaian yang paling dominan adalah skor 5 dimana hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa berita tentang mikroplastik pada media online menurut responden itu sangat penting. Alam, F. C., & Rachmawati, M. (2020).…”

“…Mikroplastik dapat berbentuk serat atau ber, lapisan tipis, fragmen, atau granula yang berasal dari 2 sumber, yaitu Mikroplastik primer yang dihasilkan dari produk kosmetik dan produk kesehatan yang mengandung bahan microbeads atau microexfoliate yakni polietilen (PE), polistiren (PS), dan poliprolen (PP). Sedangkan Mikroplastik sekunder dihasilkan dari degradasi plastik melalui proses sika, kimia, maupun secara biologi (Alam & Rachmawati, 2020).…”

Microplastics Contamination in the Aquatic Environment of Indonesia: A Comprehensive Review

“…The high intensity of plastic use has not been accompanied by proper post-use management, which has increased its abundance and pollutes the environment, especially aquatic ecosystems. Plastics have been able to undergo physical, mechanical, and biological fragmentation into smaller particles which are classified into microplastics, meso-plastics, and MP with a size of < 5.00 mm; 2.50-5.00 mm; and > 2.50 mm, respectively [Alam & Rachmawati, 2020;Firdaus et al, 2020;Lestari et al, 2020;Rios Mendoza & Balcer, 2019].…”