Pemahaman konsep biologi sangat diperlukan dalam pengintegrasian alam dan teknologi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, jika pemahaman konsep sudah kuat, siswa dapat mengembangkan dan memahami konsep yang lebih tinggi. Namun terkadang siswa mempunyai pemahaman konsep yang berbeda dengan konsep yang diterima secara ilmiah dan hal tersebut akan menyebabkan miskonsepsi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya miskonsepsi pada siswa dan sub konsep apa yang paling banyak mengalami miskonsepsi pada materi sistem reproduksi. Untuk menghitungtingkat miskonsepsi metode Certainty of Response Index (CRI)dengan subyek penelitian adalah siswa kelas XI SMA 2 Cikampek. Data yang di dapat menunjukkan siswa mengalami miskonsepsi untuk beberapa sub konsep. Miskonsepsi tertinggi ada pada subkonsep menstruasi, yaitu sebesar 32,5% sedangkan terendah ada pada subkonsep pembentukan gamet sebesar 10%. Hal tersebut dikarenakan siswa menginterprtasikan sendiri pemahaman sebuah materi berdasarkan buku teks yang dibaca dan penjelasan dari guru.
In statistical inference, adaptive reasoning is defined as logical thinking to determine what can be inferred from data or statistical results and whether the justifications led to valid conclusions. Accordingly, adaptive reasoning is a mathematical proficiency required in statistical inference. This study aims to discover the association between adaptive reasoning and the initial statistical competence of undergraduate students. For this purpose, we performed mixedmethods research conducted by sequential exploratory analysis. This study involved 66 participants selected from undergraduate students in the Statistical Inference course offered by the mathematics education department at one university in Indonesia. The qualitative result describes the characteristics of students' adaptive reasoning proficiency at each grade. The proportion of students from grade 1 to grade 4 is 4.55%, 21.21%, 48.48%, and 25.76%, respectively. The quantitative result based on the chi-squared statistics test shows a significant association between adaptive reasoning proficiency and initial statistical competence. The correspondence analysis solution depicts that a high level of statistical competence is strongly associated with a high grade of adaptive reasoning proficiency, and conversely. Generally, the results provide evidence that the mastery of initial statistical competence is an important aspect in developing students' adaptive reasoning proficiency. The study provides some recommendations that will benefit the lecturer to develop adaptive reasoning proficiency in the Statistical Inference courses.
Piper cf. fragile (sirih merah) is one of herb plants that contained essential oils and had been used as medicinal substances traditionally in Indonesia. The purposes of this research were to isolate, fractionate and to find constituents sirih merah essential oil. The research was done in 2011 at Bogor Agricultural Institute and was done in four step, there were material collection, essential oil isolation by hydrodistillation, fractionation by column chromatography and GC-MS analysis. The result show that essential oil isolation was obtained 0,24% (v/b).The oil was fractionated by column chromatography (heksana-kloroform-metanol as mobile phase) and produced 4 fractions.The main constituents of crude essential oil by GC-MS analysis were alpha tuhyena, sabinena, beta mircena, alpha terpinena beta felandrena, gamma terpinena, alpha terpirolena, linalool, 4-terpineol, trans cariofilena, germakrena D, alpha copaena. The main constituen of fraction 1 are sabinena (38,67%) and beta mircena (22,94%) . The main constituents of fraction 2 arelinalool (20,36%) and 4-terpineol (31,67%). From the results can be concluded thatmain constituents of essential oilPiper cf. fragile (sirih merah) were monoterpene (such as sabinene, mircene,Alpha tuhjene, Alpha terpinene, Gamma terpinene) and sesquiterpene (such as trans caryophyllene and germacrene D)
The abundance of microplastics (MP) in the aquatic environment is increasingly disturbing for maritime countries, especially Indonesia, because it has the potential to threaten the health and sustainability of aquatic ecosystems. This review summarized and discussed the distribution of MP abundance in Indonesian aquatic ecosystems which concluded that rivers, bays and estuaries, beaches, seas, and even fish and shellfish have been contaminated. The highest contamination of MP was found in the waters of Jakarta, West Java, and East Java, which are densely populated areas. The potential threat of exposure and accumulation of MP to human health was also discussed. However, differences in the methods and units of measurement for MP as well as limited information regarding the interaction of MP with human organ functions are weaknesses in this review. The future research on the relationship between food and feeding habits of the community around contaminated waters with the accumulation of MP in the human body is needed to identify the prevention and treatment strategies.
The quality of education is a direct consequence of a change and development of learning at this time. To optimize learning that requires students to have science process skills and creative thinking (in accordance with 21st-century demands) it is necessary to develop more varied learning media. One way is to develop a problem-based open Worksheet that allows students to add information about a material systematically with reference to problem-based learning by covering several stages, including orienting students to problems, organizing students to learn, guiding individual investigations or group, develop and present data, and analyze and evaluate work results. That is expected to improve the skills mentioned above.
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