Microphysical aspects of tropical rainfall during Bright Band events at mid and high-altitude regions over Southern Western Ghats, India

Sumesh, R.K.; Resmi, E.A.; Unnikrishnan, C. K.; Jash, Dharmadas; Sreekanth, T.S.; Resmi, M.C. Mol; Rajeevan, K.; Niţă, S.; Ramachandran, K. K.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.05.002

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…In addition, a higher concentration of higher sized of droplets below the ML could be because of moisture loaded surface flow and SA-LLJ [10,41]. The negative gradient for the small droplets is consistent with the studies over the Western Ghats over South Asia [75].…”

Section: Distribution Of Dsd Parameterssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…within the boundary layer affects the DSD variations [76] whereas internal dynamics (shallow layer with the upper layers) at the tops of the hills contribute to the number-controlled processes (e.g., collision-coalescence and breakup). In dynamic equilibrium, these processes produce the smaller raindrops and show a uniform vertical profile at high-altitude regions [38,75]. Figure 8 shows the daily accumulated rainfall during campaign periods (e.g., 18 February to 14 March 2019).…”

Section: Distribution Of Dsd Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rainfall Characteristics in the Mantaro Basin over Tropical Andes from a Vertically Pointed Profile Rain Radar and In-Situ Field Campaign

et al. 2020

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Information on the vertical structure of rain, especially near the surface is important for accurate quantitative precipitation estimation from weather and space-borne radars. In the present study, the rainfall characteristics, from a vertically pointed profile Radar in the Mantaro basin (Huancayo, Peru) are observed. In summary, diurnal variation of near-surface rainfall and bright band height, average vertical profiles of the drop size distribution (DSD), rain rate, radar reflectivity (Ze) and liquid water content (LWC) are investigated to derive the rainfall characteristics. Diurnal variation of rain rate and bright band height show the bimodal distribution, where frequent and higher rain rate occurred during the afternoon and nighttime, and more than 70% bright band height found between 4.3–4.7 km. The average vertical profiles of Ze show the opposite characteristics above and below the melting level (ML) and depend on the near-surface rain rate. For example, the average Ze profiles have a negative gradient above the ML, whereas below, the ML, the gradient depends on the near-surface rain rate. The rain rate and LWC show the opposite behavior, and both consist of a positive (negative) gradient below (above) the ML. The vertical growth of DSD parameters depend on the near-surface rain rate, and a higher concentration of large-sized of droplets are observed for higher near surface rain rate, however, the dominant modes of droplets are <1 mm throughout the vertical column. However, the most significant variation in DSD growth is observed for near-surface rain rate ≥20 mm/h. These findings suggest using different retrieval techniques for near surface rain estimation than the rest of the vertical profile and high rain rate events. The improved understanding of the tropical Andes precipitation would be very important for assessing climate variability and to forecast the precipitation using the numerical models.

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Section: Distribution Of Dsd Parameterssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Distribution Of Dsd Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rainfall Characteristics in the Mantaro Basin over Tropical Andes from a Vertically Pointed Profile Rain Radar and In-Situ Field Campaign

et al. 2020

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“…They noticed different Z-R relations for different precipitating systems. Sumesh et al (2019) studied the DSD differences between mid-altitude (Braemore, 0.4 km above mean sea level) and high-altitude (Rajamallay, 1.8 km above mean sea level) regions in the southern WG during brightband events. They observed bimodal DSD at the mid-altitude station and monomodal DSD at the high-altitude station.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical characteristics of raindrop size distribution over the Western Ghats of India: wet versus dry spells of the Indian summer monsoon

Krishna

Das

Sulochana³

et al. 2021

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. The nature of raindrop size distribution (DSD) is analyzed for wet and dry spells of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) in the Western Ghats (WG) region using Joss–Waldvogel disdrometer (JWD) measurements during the ISM period (June–September) in 2012–2015. The observed DSDs are fitted with a gamma distribution. Observations show a higher number of smaller drops in dry spells and more midsize and large drops in wet spells. The DSD spectra show distinct diurnal variation during wet and dry spells. The dry spells exhibit a strong diurnal cycle with two peaks, while the diurnal cycle is not very prominent in the wet spells. Results reveal the microphysical characteristics of warm rain during both wet and dry periods. However, the underlying dynamical parameters, such as moisture availability and vertical wind, cause the differences in DSD characteristics. The higher moisture and strong vertical winds can provide sufficient time for the raindrops to grow bigger in wet spells, whereas higher temperature may lead to evaporation and drop breakup processes in dry spells. In addition, the differences in DSD spectra with different rain rates are also observed. The DSD spectra are further analyzed by separating them into stratiform and convective rain types. Finally, an empirical relationship between the slope parameter λ and the shape parameter μ is derived by fitting the quadratic polynomial during wet and dry spells as well as for stratiform and convective types of rain. The μ–λ relations obtained in this work are slightly different compared to previous studies. These differences could be related to different rain microphysics such as collision–coalescence and breakup.

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“…They noticed different Z-R relations during different types of precipitation. Sumesh et al (2019) studied the DSD differences between mid-(Braemore, 400 m above MSL) and high-altitude (Rajamallay, 1820 m above MSL) regions in southern WGs during brightband events.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical characteristics of raindrop size distribution over Western Ghats of India: wet versus dry spells of Indian Summer Monsoon

Krishna¹,

Das²,

Sulochana³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. The nature of raindrop size distribution (DSD) is analyzed during wet and dry spells of the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) in the Western Ghats (WGs) region by using Joss-Waldvogel Disdrometer (JWD) measurements. The observed DSDs are fitted with gamma distribution, and the DSD characteristics are studied during ISM season (June–September) of 2012–2015. The DSD spectra show distinct diurnal variation during the wet and dry spells. The dry spells exhibit a strong diurnal cycle with two peaks, while the diurnal cycle is not so prominent in the wet spells. Results reveal the microphysical characteristics of warm rain during both the wet and dry periods. Even though the warm rain processes are dominant in the WGs region, the underlying dynamical processes cause the differences in DSD characteristics during the wet and dry spells. In addition, the differences in DSD spectra with different rain rates are also observed. The DSD spectra are further analyzed by separating into stratiform and convective types. Finally, an empirical relationship between the slope parameter, Λ and shape parameter, µ is derived by best fitting the quadratic polynomial for the observed data during both wet and dry spells as well as for the stratiform and convective types of rain. The µ-Λ relations obtained in the present study are slightly different in comparison with the previous studies.

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Microphysical aspects of tropical rainfall during Bright Band events at mid and high-altitude regions over Southern Western Ghats, India

Cited by 24 publications

References 81 publications

Rainfall Characteristics in the Mantaro Basin over Tropical Andes from a Vertically Pointed Profile Rain Radar and In-Situ Field Campaign

Rainfall Characteristics in the Mantaro Basin over Tropical Andes from a Vertically Pointed Profile Rain Radar and In-Situ Field Campaign

Statistical characteristics of raindrop size distribution over the Western Ghats of India: wet versus dry spells of the Indian summer monsoon

Statistical characteristics of raindrop size distribution over Western Ghats of India: wet versus dry spells of Indian Summer Monsoon

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