Microorganisms inhabiting follicular contents of facial acne are not only <i>Propionibacterium</i> but also <i>Malassezia</i> spp.

Akaza, Narifumi; Akamatsu, Hirohiko; Numata, Shigeki; Yamada, Shunji; Yagami, Akiko; Nakata, Satoshi; Matsunaga, Kayoko

doi:10.1111/1346-8138.13245

Cited by 39 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Obviously more studies, where the skin samples are taken with several different methods from the same patient, are needed to reveal the differences between skin surface and deeper colonisation. Our results are in line with those of previous acne studies which were based on either skin biopsies or samples taken from follicular casts and reported that the main isolated microbial groups consisted of the genera Propionibacterium and Staphylococcus …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Isotretinoin and lymecycline treatments modify the skin microbiota in acne

Kelhälä

Aho

Fyhrquist

et al. 2017

Experimental Dermatology

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Oral retinoids and tetracyclines have a major role in acne treatment. Here, we report for the first time the effect of isotretinoin and lymecycline therapy on the skin microbiota in cheek, back and armpit swab samples of acne vulgaris patients using 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene amplicon sequencing. Propionibacterium acnes was the most common in sebaceous areas of healthy and untreated acne skin and more abundant in back than cheek samples. Five taxa, including a Streptococcus taxon, differed significantly between the cheek samples of healthy controls and acne patients, and acne severity was positively correlated with the abundance of Propionibacterium. Both treatments reduced clinical acne grades and the abundance of Propionibacterium, while the abundance of several other taxa was significantly higher in treated cheek samples compared with untreated ones. Less variation was observed in back samples and none in armpit samples. There were no differences in alpha diversity between control and acne patients in any of the sampled skin areas, but the diversity of the microbiota on the cheek and the back was significantly increased after acne treatments. This study provides insight into the skin microbiota in acne and how it is modulated by systemic acne treatment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Isotretinoin and lymecycline treatments modify the skin microbiota in acne

Kelhälä

Aho

Fyhrquist

et al. 2017

Experimental Dermatology

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“…or Staphylococcus spp. Coexistence of Malassezia and Propionibacterium in acne patients was reported recently by Akaza et al . In their study, they found that the severity of acne correlated with the number of Malassezia but not with that of Propionibacterium , suggesting Malassezia may participate in the pathophysiology of acne.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…The typical clinical presentation is numerous erythematous, pruritic papules and pustules on the trunk and proximal extremities . MalF sometimes mimics or coexists with acne vulgaris and bacterial folliculitis . However, MalF does not present with comedones, and it responds to antifungal agents instead of traditional acne treatments or antibiotics …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utility of Gram staining for diagnosis of Malassezia folliculitis

Chin

Chou

et al. 2017

The Journal of Dermatology

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Malassezia folliculitis (MalF) mimics acne vulgaris and bacterial folliculitis in clinical presentations. The role of Gram staining in rapid diagnosis of MalF has not been well studied. In our study, 32 patients were included to investigate the utility of Gram staining for MalF diagnosis. The final diagnoses of MalF were determined according to clinical presentation, pathological result and treatment response to antifungal agents. Our results show that the sensitivity and specificity of Gram staining are 84.6% and 100%, respectively. In conclusion, Gram staining is a rapid, non-invasive, sensitive and specific method for MalF diagnosis.

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“…in follicular contents . It is likely that bacteria are not the only important factor in acne pathogenesis; fungal species such as Malassezia have also been hypothesized to play an important role . Currently, a clinical diagnosis of acne often represents a spectrum of disorders of differing aetiology.…”

Section: Acne and Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of the skin microbiota in acne pathophysiology

et al. 2019

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Summary Background The role of skin microbiota in acne remains to be fully elucidated. Initial culture‐based investigations were hampered by growth rate and selective media bias. Even with less biased genomic methods, sampling, lysis and methodology, the task of describing acne pathophysiology remains challenging. Acne occurs in sites dominated by Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes) and Malassezia species, both of which can function either as commensal or pathogen. Objectives This article aims to review the current state of the art of the microbiome and acne. Methods The literature regarding the microbiome and acne was reviewed. Results It remains unclear whether there is a quantitative difference in microbial community distribution, making it challenging to understand any community shift from commensal to pathogenic nature. It is plausible that acne involves (i) change in the distribution of species/strains, (ii) stable distribution with pathogenic alteration in response to internal (intermicrobe) or external stimuli (host physiology or environmental) or (iii) a combination of these factors. Conclusions Understanding physiological changes in bacterial species and strains will be required to define their specific roles, and identify any potential intervention points, in acne pathogenesis and treatment. It will also be necessary to determine whether any fungal species are involved, and establish whether they play a significant role. Further investigation using robust, modern analytic tools in longitudinal studies with a large number of participants, may make it possible to determine whether the microbiota plays a causal role, is primarily involved in exacerbation, or is merely a bystander. It is likely that the final outcome will show that acne is the result of complex microbe–microbe and community–host interplay.

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Microorganisms inhabiting follicular contents of facial acne are not only Propionibacterium but also Malassezia spp.

Cited by 39 publications

References 25 publications

Isotretinoin and lymecycline treatments modify the skin microbiota in acne

Isotretinoin and lymecycline treatments modify the skin microbiota in acne

Utility of Gram staining for diagnosis of Malassezia folliculitis

The role of the skin microbiota in acne pathophysiology

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