Microneedle-assisted delivery of NSAIDs

Abstract

Transdermal drug delivery offers a number of advantages including sustained release, improved patient compliance, avoidance of gastric irritation, as well as elimination of pre-systemic first-pass effect. However, only few medications can be delivered through the transdermal route in therapeutic amounts. NSAIDs are consisted of a group of drugs that are widely used, but their use by oral or transdermal system is limited due to a number of side effects. Therefore, NSAIDs are ideal candidates for delivery via microneedles, a relatively new method of drug delivery. A new concept was introduced known as microneedles and these could be used to effectively deliver drugs using micron-sized needles in a minimally invasive and painless manner. Microneedles can be used to enhance transdermal drug delivery and they can be fabricated in different forms.

Strategies to Improve the Transdermal Delivery of Poorly Water-Soluble Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

“…Microneedle arrays are transdermal delivery systems composed of rows of short (50-900 µm) micro-diameter (<300 µm) needles that are applied to the skin surface and will pierce through the epidermis, effectively bypassing the barrier function of the SC [110]. Because microneedles are designed to not reach the dermis layer containing the nerve endings, the application is painless and easy.…”

“…Because microneedles are designed to not reach the dermis layer containing the nerve endings, the application is painless and easy. Microneedles can be solid or hollow and may be coated, uncoated, or dissolving [110]. Because this TD system does not rely on passive permeation through the skin, it is a viable option for larger drugs and drugs that would otherwise be unsuitable for TD due to their physicochemical characteristics.…”

Electrooxidation and Low-tech Determination of Pantoprazole on a Disposable Pencil Graphite Electrode by the use of Cationic Surfactant

“…The main serum metabolite is formed by demethylation at the 4-position of the pyridine ring, followed by conjugation with sulphate. [1][2][3][4] Several techniques have been developed to estimate PAN in its bulk form, pharmaceutical and biological matrices, including liquid chromatography with different detectors, [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] UV-spectrophotometry, [13][14][15] and capillary electrophoresis. 16,17 Electrochemical assays such as voltammetric methods have been widely used for drug analysis due to their sensitivity, simplicity, cheapness and rapidity.…”