Micromorphological Characters as Generic Markers in the Astereae

Sundberg, Scott

doi:10.2307/1221561

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…As an aid to the reader, therefore, we list in Table 10-1 name changes that affect our presentation of flavonoid data. Our use of the generic concepts presented in King and Robinson (1987) is motivated more by wanting to have a recent taxonomic and nomenclatural reference point for all flavonoid reports than by believing in phyletic reality of all generic concepts presented in that comprehensive study and earlier publications, some of which are still controversial (e.g., Gage, 1985;Scott, 1985;Sundberg, 1985;Turner, 1985aTurner, ,b, 1997Nesom 1989c;Bremer et aI., 1994). Flavonoid information exists for 32 genera.…”

Section: Flavonoids Of Eupatorieaementioning

confidence: 99%

Flavonoids of the Sunflower Family (Asteraceae)

Bohm

Stuessy

2001

119

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This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machines or similar means, and storage in data banks. This book is dedicated to:Arthur Cronquist Outstanding plant systematist and major contributor to understanding taxonomic relationships within Asteraceae and Ralph E. Alston (1925Alston ( -1967) Visionary natural products chemist and geneticist who pioneered the use of chemical data in studies of plant systematics and evolution PrefaceCertainly many of the readers of this book will remember the early developments of chemosystematics in the late 1950s. We ourselves remember the excitement of these new data bearing on plant interrelationships. The hopes were high, the techniques were rapidly evolving, the quantities of data were large, and young workers were eagerly enthusiastic. Some even went so far as to predict that chemical data would soon replace morphological information as the basis for plant classification. These overly zealous predictions did not materialize, of course, as the history of plant systematics has amply shown during the past two centuries. If there is any distinct characteristic of systematics it is synthesis, as Lincoln Constance (1964) called it, the "unending synthesis." New tools generate new data and provide insights on additional dimensions of plant relationships. This will never change-we will continue to discover new tools and new data in the years ahead, and they will continue to be incorporated into the predictive general reference system of classification.The earlier efforts in chemosystematics focused on secondary plant products: alkaloids, betacyanins, carbohydrates, cyanogenic glycosides, glucosinolates, lipids, terpenoids, and especialiy flavonoids. The latter were particularly well suited for chemosystematic investigation for several reasons: ease of isolation and characterization, small amounts of plant material needed for analysis, stability of compounds especially through routine preparation of herbarium specimens, and low cost to obtain useful information. As a result of these considerable advantages, literally thousands of studies on use of flavonoids in plant systematics have been published. Although now with the present zest for macromolecular data from DNA restriction sites and sequences, there are fewer workers and laboratories dedicated to flavonoid chemosystematic studies; twenty years ago they were the new currency of exciting data in plant systematics.Because of many workers historically interested in the sunflower family, Asteraceae (or Compositae), in part due to its large size (approximately 23,000 species;Bremer, 1994), and because hundreds of flavonoid compounds were discovered in this family, many chemosystematic investigations have been completed on various taxa. Many studies came from the laboratories of R. A. Alston, B. L. Turner, and T. J. Mabry in the Department of Botany ...

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Section: Flavonoids Of Eupatorieaementioning

confidence: 99%

Flavonoids of the Sunflower Family (Asteraceae)

Bohm

Stuessy

2001

119

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“…The carpopodium can be symmetrical or (more usually) asymmetrical, indistinct to prominent, or even absent (Haque & Godward 1984;Funk et al 2009). Mukherjee & Nordestam 2008 (King & Robinson 1966;Sundberg 1985).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micromorphology of an involucral bract and cypselae of the endemic and relict species Amphoricarpos elegans Albov (Asteraceae, Cardueae) from the Caucasus

et al. 2020

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In this study, micromorphology of an involucral bract and inner and outer dimorphic cypselae of the relict Amphoricarpos elegans, endemic from western Caucasus, is examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and presented here for the first time. The middle involucral bract is nearly glabrous, with a reticulate-rugulose surface and an oblong-obtusate mucro. Both cypselae exhibit similar features, viz., narrowly oblong-cylindrical or obovate shape with more or less conspicuous longitudinal ribs, an adaxial detachment area, an asymmetrical carpopodium, absence of a pericarp crown and a barbate-aristate pappus made up of narrow, subulate, basally smooth and apically barbate bristles. However, some differences are evident. The outer cypsela is glabrescent and flattened, with an obscure outline of epidermal cells lacking an end wall and with a sunken periclinal surface and striatereticulate structure. Also, the outer cypsela has two entire, narrow, lateral wings, rounded above; and less numerous pappus bristles in one row. In contrast to this, the inner cypsela has a distinct outline of the epidermal cells, which are rod-shaped with a short acute end wall, a swollen periclinal surface and reticulate structure. The pappus of the inner cypsela possesses many more bristles organised in two rows (a biseriate pappus). Also, slightly pentagonal or round nectary remnants are found in the centre of the upper part of the inner cypsela. The taxonomic value of the analysed characters is briefly discussed.

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“…The stamens of Solidago chilensis show the anthers with obtuse bases, typical of most genera of Astereae (Shekhar and Pandey 2009), and the triangular apical appendage characteristic of the tribe (Bremer 1987). The collar of the filament of the cylindrical type is very common in the family (Shekhar and Pandey 2009), although in the Astereae tribe there are also species that have the filament collar with a swollen base, wider than the rest of filament (Sundberg 1985), of the baluster form type.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphoanatomy of the inflorescence and flowers of Solidago chilensis (Asteraceae)

et al. 2019

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The genus Solidago is one of the most complex taxa in the Asteraceae, with a large number of species mostly from North America. Solidago chilensis Meyen is a South American species with a wide distribution, known mainly for its medicinal properties. Due to the scarce information on the reproductive structures, we studied the morphoanatomy of the inflorescence and flowers with conventional histological techniques of light and scanning electron microscopy. The floral axes show abundant fascicular and interfascicular fibres. The leaves exhibit an isobilateral mesophyll, and in the phyllaries and the bracts of the peduncle, the mesophyll contains numerous fibres. There are schizogenous secretory spaces associated with the vascular bundles of leaves, stems, receptacle, bracts, phyllaries, ovaries and corolla of the disc florets. The latter present an annular nectary at the base of the style. The indumentum of the florets is represented by biseriate glandular trichomes in the corollas and ovaries, and twin hairs on the ovaries; in the rest of the organs, the trichomes are biseriate glandular and eglandular conical, whip-like, and biseriate only on the phyllaries and bracts. The predominant crystals in the floral parts are druses, and raphides and styloids in the rest of the inflorescence. The general morphological features agree with those reported for Astereae, while several other anatomical features are described for the first time for the species and may have taxonomic value for the genus and the tribe. Likewise, these characteristics also contribute to the quality control of the species as a crude drug.

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Micromorphological Characters as Generic Markers in the Astereae

Cited by 10 publications

References 14 publications

Flavonoids of the Sunflower Family (Asteraceae)

Flavonoids of the Sunflower Family (Asteraceae)

Micromorphology of an involucral bract and cypselae of the endemic and relict species Amphoricarpos elegans Albov (Asteraceae, Cardueae) from the Caucasus

Morphoanatomy of the inflorescence and flowers of Solidago chilensis (Asteraceae)

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