A micromechanical model of short-fiber-reinforced elastomer matrix composite (SFRE) including the fiber, matrix and fiber-matrix interphase was established, in which main microstructural parameters, such as short fiber aspect radio, volume content and mechanic performances of main components, were taken into consideration, and the interphase was regard as a time-dependent viscoelastic component. The micromechanical stress transfer among short fiber, matrix and fiber-matrix interphase was studied. The equations expressing time-dependent tensile stress distribution on the fiber and the time-dependent shear stress distribution in the matrix and interphase were derived, and they were solved at the time t = 0 and t = + . A calculated example was carried out and the calculation results indicated that there existed the maximum fiber tensile stresses f (z, 0) and f (z, + ) at the fiber midpoint and both f (z, 0) and f (z, + ) equaled to zero at the fiber end, but the interphase shear stresses if (z, 0) and if (z, + ) reached to the maximum at the fiber end, and they equaled zero at the fiber midpoint.