Micromechanical heterogeneity of the rat pia-arachnoid complex

Fabris, Gloria; Suar, Zeynep M.; Kurt, Mehmet

doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2019.09.044

Cited by 22 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…They are able to secrete growth factors (chemokines, BMPs, TGFbeta) for neurogenesis, to avoid apoptosis of nerve cells, for the migration and positioning of neurons, and inducing the development of cerebral blood vessels [12]. In adults, they play a fundamental role in the management of mechanical tensions, trying to protect the brain mass and the medulla from traumatic insults, and influencing the repair of nervous tissue thanks to the presence of stem cells; they secrete growth factors to obtain correct homeostasis of nervous function [12,13].…”

Section: Review Fascial Tissue Embryology: Meningesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dura mater or pachymeninge is a collagenous structure, with lamellae of collagen (longitudinal and transverse), fibronectin, and elastin; the dura has viscoelastic properties, with the ability to generate mechanical force or reduce mechanical tension [13]. The arachnoid and the pia mater or leptomeninges are rich in collagen, fibroblasts, laminins, proteoglycans and nidogens or entactins, vimentins [12,13]. The leptomeninges possess anisotropic hysteretic abilities, like any biological elastic tissue [13].…”

Section: Review Fascial Tissue Embryology: Meningesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The arachnoid and the pia mater or leptomeninges are rich in collagen, fibroblasts, laminins, proteoglycans and nidogens or entactins, vimentins [12,13]. The leptomeninges possess anisotropic hysteretic abilities, like any biological elastic tissue [13]. The vessels and spaces that run through and cross the meninges, as well as the medullary and cranial spaces and lymphatic vessels, make the meninges a single functional unit [12,13].…”

Section: Review Fascial Tissue Embryology: Meningesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The leptomeninges possess anisotropic hysteretic abilities, like any biological elastic tissue [13]. The vessels and spaces that run through and cross the meninges, as well as the medullary and cranial spaces and lymphatic vessels, make the meninges a single functional unit [12,13]. The injury of a meningeal area will negatively affect the general function of the meninges themselves, and of the structures with which they come into contact [12][13][14].…”

Section: Review Fascial Tissue Embryology: Meningesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fascial Nomenclature: Update 2021, Part 1

Bordoni¹,

Escher²,

Tobbi³

et al. 2021

Cureus

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Section: Review Fascial Tissue Embryology: Meningesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Review Fascial Tissue Embryology: Meningesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Review Fascial Tissue Embryology: Meningesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Review Fascial Tissue Embryology: Meningesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Fascial Nomenclature: Update 2021, Part 1

Bordoni¹,

Escher²,

Tobbi³

et al. 2021

Cureus

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Few studies have explored the linkage between morphology and biomechanical properties. Fabris et al, performed atomic force microscopy indentation and immunofluorescent staining on ex-vivo rat PAC and found significantly different stiffness with respect to reflecting trabecular density [40]. They also correlated stiffness with increased vascularization and vimentin density.…”

Section: Structural Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ex-vivo quantification of ovine pia arachnoid complex biomechanical properties under uniaxial tension

Natividad

Theodossiou

Schiele

et al. 2020

Fluids Barriers CNS

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Background The pia arachnoid complex (PAC) is a cerebrospinal fluid-filled tissue conglomerate that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. Pia mater adheres directly to the surface of the brain while the arachnoid mater adheres to the deep surface of the dura mater. Collagen fibers, known as subarachnoid trabeculae (SAT) fibers, and microvascular structure lie intermediately to the pia and arachnoid meninges. Due to its structural role, alterations to the biomechanical properties of the PAC may change surface stress loading in traumatic brain injury (TBI) caused by sub-concussive hits. The aim of this study was to quantify the mechanical and morphological properties of ovine PAC. Methods Ovine brain samples (n = 10) were removed from the skull and tissue was harvested within 30 min post-mortem. To access the PAC, ovine skulls were split medially from the occipital region down the nasal bone on the superior and inferior aspects of the skull. A template was used to remove arachnoid samples from the left and right sides of the frontal and occipital regions of the brain. 10 ex-vivo samples were tested with uniaxial tension at 2 mm s−1, average strain rate of 0.59 s−1, until failure at < 5 h post extraction. The force and displacement data were acquired at 100 Hz. PAC tissue collagen fiber microstructure was characterized using second-harmonic generation (SHG) imaging on a subset of n = 4 stained tissue samples. To differentiate transverse blood vessels from SAT by visualization of cell nuclei and endothelial cells, samples were stained with DAPI and anti-von Willebrand Factor, respectively. The Mooney-Rivlin model for average stress–strain curve fit was used to model PAC material properties. Results The elastic modulus, ultimate stress, and ultimate strain were found to be 7.7 ± 3.0, 2.7 ± 0.76 MPa, and 0.60 ± 0.13, respectively. No statistical significance was found across brain dissection locations in terms of biomechanical properties. SHG images were post-processed to obtain average SAT fiber intersection density, concentration, porosity, tortuosity, segment length, orientation, radial counts, and diameter as 0.23, 26.14, 73.86%, 1.07 ± 0.28, 17.33 ± 15.25 µm, 84.66 ± 49.18°, 8.15%, 3.46 ± 1.62 µm, respectively. Conclusion For the sizes, strain, and strain rates tested, our results suggest that ovine PAC mechanical behavior is isotropic, and that the Mooney-Rivlin model is an appropriate curve-fitting constitutive equation for obtaining material parameters of PAC tissues.

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Subarachnoid space trabeculae architecture

Saboori¹

2020

Clinical Anatomy

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Introduction: The motion of the brain relative to the skull is influenced by the architecture of the subarachnoid space (SAS), and in particular, by the arachnoid trabeculae. In previous studies of these structures, specific shapes were identified. However, the work presented here shows much finer detail of the SAS geometries using SEM and TEM. Materials and methods: These images were acquired by maintaining the SAS structure of a rat using glutaraldehyde formaldehyde to strengthen the tissues via crosslinking with the biological proteins. Results: The results showed the detailed shape of five dominant arachnoid trabeculae structures: single strands, branched strands, tree like shapes, sheets, and trabecular networks. Each of these architectures would provide a different response when exposed to a tensile load and would provide different levels of resistance to the flow of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the SAS. Conclusion: This very detailed level of geometric information will therefore allow more accurate finite element models of the SAS to be developed.

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Micromechanical heterogeneity of the rat pia-arachnoid complex

Cited by 22 publications

References 52 publications

Fascial Nomenclature: Update 2021, Part 1

Fascial Nomenclature: Update 2021, Part 1

Ex-vivo quantification of ovine pia arachnoid complex biomechanical properties under uniaxial tension

Subarachnoid space trabeculae architecture

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