Fascial Nomenclature: Update 2021, Part 1

Abstract

Bordoni et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY 4.0., which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Anatomical investigation of the pelvic urogenital fascia in 10 formalin-fixed female cadavers: novel insights into the laparoscopic total mesometrial resection

“…Fascia is a widely used but ill-defined anatomical term that has been defined differently in different studies. The 2016 Fascial Nomenclature Committee (FNC) finally defined the fascial system as a three-dimensional continuum of soft, collagenous, loose and dense fibrous connective tissue that runs through the body and includes connective tissue structures such as adipose tissue, neurovascular sheaths, deep and superficial fascia, and visceral fascia [ 16 ]. Fascial structures undergo positional changes during human growth and development.…”

Fascial Nomenclature: Update 2022

“…In the twenty-first century, the Fascia Research Congress (FRC) (2007) began to consider some new structures belonging to the fascia, such as joint capsules [ 14 ]. From the 2014 FRC, a group of experts was born, the Fascia Nomenclature Committee (FNC), which in 2019 reaffirmed its concept of fascia: "a fascia is a sheath, a sheet, or any other dissectible aggregations of connective tissue that forms beneath the skin to attach, enclose, and separate muscles and other internal organs" [ 16 ]. For the FNC, the concept of the fascial system is contained in the following definition:…”

“…What emerges from all these definitions and terminologies is that the fascia and its continuity are considered only as solid tissue from an anatomical, histological, and topographical perspective. In the breadth of scientific literature, we can find another (non-profit) organization, namely, the FORCE; the latter includes various health professionals, from the surgeon to the bioengineer, from the osteopathic physician to the chiropractor, from the physiotherapist to the clinical doctor [ 16 ]. FORCE was founded in 2013, pursuing a functional footprint and looking at all scientific subjects, as to understand a tissue or a body cell, all scientific disciplines can help to understand its different functions [ 32 ].…”

“…FORCE was founded in 2013, pursuing a functional footprint and looking at all scientific subjects, as to understand a tissue or a body cell, all scientific disciplines can help to understand its different functions [ 32 ]. FORCE is in line with the medical nomenclature, considering not only blood and lymph as connective tissue but also bones [ 16 , 32 , 33 ]. The term fascial continuum has appeared in our articles since 2014, taking its cue from a 1984 text [ 34 , 35 ].…”

“…The term fascial continuum has appeared in our articles since 2014, taking its cue from a 1984 text [ 34 , 35 ]. FORCE starts from embryological knowledge, from which it is possible, in a second analysis, to define a tissue; from this fundamental passage, we can affirm that different tissues that derive from the mesoderm and the ectoderm are connective-fascial tissues [ 16 , 32 , 36 - 44 ]. FORCE defines the fascial continuum (fascial system) as follows:…”