Microgravity Environment on the International Space Station

DeLombard, Richard; Hrovat, Kenneth; Kelly, Eric; McPherson, Kevin

doi:10.2514/6.2004-125

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Note: Moon, 4,8,9 LEO, [10][11][12] Mars. 13,14 a Regions with little to no direct solar illumination experience significantly lower temperatures and solar radiation than similar regions exposed to solar illumination.…”

Section: Static Charging Martian Dustmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrically conducting polymers and composites for applications in space exploration

Ryan,

Seibers,

Reynolds

et al. 2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Pushing the boundaries of space exploration and settlement requires innovative materials that are multi‐functional, reusable, and tolerant of the extreme hazards in space environments. Polymers represent an interesting class of materials for these applications due to their range of properties, low density, and ease of manufacturing. Electrically conductive materials based on polymers and other organic materials can be beneficial for safety purposes or for integrating advanced functions, such as dust mitigation and non‐destructive evaluation. Given the unique demands of the space industry, emerging materials developed for space may not appear in conventional forums. Conversely, many investigators focus on polymers and composites for other applications and may not realize the suitability of their material for space. This review provides an informational bridge between experts from conventional polymer fields and more space‐focused research groups. First, a brief history of polymer material integration from Apollo to Artemis is used as a context for their increasing importance to space exploration. Next, a polymer and composite materials‐focused summary of space hazards is discussed for different space environments. Finally, different space applications suitable for electrically conductive polymers and composites are discussed in the context of enabling space exploration and developing new terrestrial technology.

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Section: Static Charging Martian Dustmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrically conducting polymers and composites for applications in space exploration

Ryan,

Seibers,

Reynolds

et al. 2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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show abstract

“…However, the vibration caused by the attitude control system, thermal control system, air conditioning system, power supply system, and astronaut activities can reach the order of 10 –3 g . Therefore, the environment cannot meet the higher-level microgravity scientific experiments . Vibration isolation is required to suppress interferences to an acceptable level of 10 –8 –10 –6 g. Generally, the vibrations of space stations or orbiters are mainly in three frequency bands: low-frequency, intermediate-frequency, and high-frequency bands .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MEMS Microgravity Measurement Module with Nano-g/Hz Noise Floor for Spaceborne Higher-Level Microgravity Scientific Experiment Applications

Wang

Liu

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Electron. Mater.

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Most spaceborne scientific experiment applications require a microgravity environment. The current high-precision accelerometers used for the spaceborne vibration isolation system generally have a noise floor of sub-μg/√Hz, which cannot meet the demand of higher-level microgravity measurements. This article introduces a micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) acceleration sensor that has a noise floor of 2–5 ng/√Hz and an input range of more than ±2 mg. Its three-component version, the MEMS microgravity measurement module (MEMS-M3), is designed to measure accelerations in the space microgravity environment and might be used in the active vibration isolation system for higher-level microgravity scientific experiments in the future. The MEMS-M3 has a volume of 105 × 90 × 115 mm3, a weight of 1.2 kg, and power consumption of 3 W. The performance of the MEMS-M3 has been characterized on the ground and a series of preflight reliability experiments have been conducted. Then, the MEMS-M3 installed inside the test spacecraft has been carried by the Long March 5B rocket (CZ-5B) to the low Earth orbit at 10:00 on May 5, 2020, and returned to Earth ground at 5:00 on May 8, 2020, both in UTC time. During the on-orbit period, the MEMS-M3 has been switched on for 11 h. After data processing, the transient, periodic, and steady accelerations can be observed by the MEMS-M3 and a much noisier shelf product IMU STIM300, verifying the functionality of the MEMS-M3. Apart from application in active vibration isolation systems for spaceborne scientific experiments, it can also be used for drag-free control of satellites and other space applications.

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“…Any aircraft, civilian or military, can expose its components, payload and passengers to forces, which excess 1 g; this is especially true in military fighter jets and acrobatic aircrafts where the acceleration forces may be as high as 9 g. In addition, enhanced gravity conditions may be encountered during centrifugal industrial processes, such as casting, material synthesis, even in chemical reactors. On the other hand, the so‐called ‘micro‐gravity condition’ exists in orbit, but it can also be reproduced on Earth: roller coaster on a dive, bungee jumpers and any objects in free fall can experience micro or reduced gravity conditions for few seconds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced numerical method for a thermally induced slug flow: application to a capillary closed loop pulsating heat pipe

Manzoni

Mameli

Falco

et al. 2016

Numerical Methods in Fluids

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Summary An advanced hybrid lumped parameter code for the simulation of Pulsating Heat Pipes is developed. Being able to simulate transient operative conditions and removing common physical simplified assumptions, it represents a step forward with respect to the present models of passive two‐phase systems. Mass, momentum and energy balances account for the thermal and fluid‐dynamics phenomena. Heterogeneous and homogeneous phase changes are directly integrated. In addition, a fitting correlation for the wall/vapour heat transfer coefficient is implemented and tuned against experimental data in order to evaluate the influence of the liquid film on conjugate heat transfer. The resulting numerical tool have been validated against experimental data achieved testing a copper pulsating heat pipe during the 58th ESA Parabolic Flight Campaign in several operative conditions and transient gravity levels. The predicted results show very good matching with the actual thermo‐physical behaviour of the system. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Microgravity Environment on the International Space Station

Cited by 8 publications

References 5 publications

Electrically conducting polymers and composites for applications in space exploration

Electrically conducting polymers and composites for applications in space exploration

MEMS Microgravity Measurement Module with Nano-g/Hz Noise Floor for Spaceborne Higher-Level Microgravity Scientific Experiment Applications

Advanced numerical method for a thermally induced slug flow: application to a capillary closed loop pulsating heat pipe

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