Microfluidics-Integrated Sensors toward Rapid Detection of Single Nucleotide Variations

Abstract

Rapid detection of single nucleotide variations (SNVs) is of critical importance to early diagnosis of several diseases and the prediction of diverse responses to a specific treatment. Based on the information published in the literature, discrimination of SNVs is a developing area of study with great research enthusiasm and is also an area that can benefit from microfluidics-integrated designs. This review provides a brief overview of different microfluidics-based strategies for rapid detection of SNVs and mismatched bases. Sensors based on various microfluidic formats, such as paper-based microfluidic biosensors, droplet-based microfluidic systems, and magnetic bead-based microfluidic biosensors, have been discussed with respect to their specific pros and cons for SNV detection. These systems have shown promise for distributed on-site diagnostics in personalized medicine.

Human mini brains and spinal cords in a dish: Modeling strategies, current challenges, and prospective advances

“… 136 , 137 Systems integrating sensors measuring mechanical forces, nucleotide variations, and small molecule release have also been reported. 138 – 140 In turn, one can begin to realize the utility for a microchip with dynamic force control, particularly in the context of studying traumatic brain injury. Approaches to modeling traumatic brain injury in human mini brain models often include needle-stick injury, sheer injury via a moving plate, or even high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) induced mechanical injury, all of which have their own caveats.…”

Ultra‐Fast Single‐Nucleotide‐Variation Detection Enabled by Argonaute‐Mediated Transistor Platform

“…[ 1–6 ] Genome‐wide association studies have identified SNVs associated with diverse human illnesses, such as cancer, neurodegenerative disease, cardiovascular disease, genetic disease, and predisposition to diseases. [ 6–11 ] To enable on‐time decisions for patient care and increase the diagnostic capacity, rapid SNV detection is crucial not only for disease diagnosis and personalized medicine but also for pathogenesis studies and efficient epidemic prevention and control. [ 1,9,12 ] SNVs may influence the transmissibility of pathogens and the degree of immunity produced by natural infection, as some mutant sites can enhance infectivity, increase virulence, and cause immune escape.…”

Fluidic switch using an elastic actuator due to induced charge electro-osmosis combined with a natural convection pump

“…Microfluidic systems such as lab-on-a-chip and micro-total analysis systems (μTAS) [1][2][3] play an essential role in biomedical applications such as point-of-care diagnostics, 4) drug discoveries, 5) and viral detection, 3) because of their cost effective abilities; e.g. for separations, 6,7) cell analysis, 8) and particle synthesis.…”