Microfluidic sputum homogenizer driven by water-head pressure

Hydraulic–electric analogy for design and operation of microfluidic systems

“…Application. Pressure-driven oscillators have been exploited for a wide assortment of applications including plasma extraction, [75][76][77] on-chip cell culture, 78 pulsatile mixing, 79,80 and layer-by-layer assembly. 81 For instance, a microfiltration system integrating a pressure-driven oscillator, a filtration pump, and a membrane filter has been developed for autonomous, clogging-free plasma extraction from whole blood (Fig.…”

“…4d). 79,80 A water head pressure is applied to the oscillator for generating the pulsatile pressures at the two outlets, which were used to control the periodic switching of two inlet fluids. In the mixing unit, the alternating occupation of two fluids permits an effective mixing at the flow interfaces in the microchannel.…”

Active microfluidic reactor-assisted controlled synthesis of nanoparticles and related potential biomedical applications

“…36 Active micromixers have also been reported to work efficiently with viscous solutions. 38,39 Therefore active micromixers are most suitable for efficient mixing (Fig. 1).…”

“…1). 32,37 In the larger area of bio applications, active micromixers have been utilized for diagnostic applications including cancer biomarker detection, 40 C-reactive protein (CRP) detection, 41 sputum analysis, 39 drug screening 42 and virus antibody detection. 43 However, their utilization in NP synthesis is still in its nascent stage.…”

An open-source programmable smart pipette for portable cell separation and counting

“…Intensive efforts have been devoted to developing such pumping methods that can be categorized into passive and active approaches, depending on power usage. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] Passive approaches can simply pump uid samples without power consumption using pressure gradients generated by surface tension, 14 pressure head, 15,16 degassed gas-permeable materials, 17,18 absorbent, 19,20 capillary action, 21,22 pumping lid, 23 smart pipette, 24,25 and osmosis. 26 These passive principles are easy to use without the need for external equipment, and some of them can be embedded directly into microuidic devices, thus resulting in the miniaturization of entire microuidic systems.…”