Microfluidic platform for photodynamic therapy cytotoxicity analysis of nanoencapsulated indocyanine-type photosensitizers

Abstract

The application of nanotechnology is important to improve research and development of alternative anticancer therapies. In order to accelerate research related to cancer diagnosis and to improve the effectiveness of cancer treatment, various nanomaterials are being tested. The main objective of this work was basic research focused on examination of the mechanism and effectiveness of the introduction of nanoencapsulated photosensitizers to human carcinoma (A549) and normal cells . Newly encapsulated hydrophobic indocyanine-type photosensitizer (i.e., IR-780) was subjected to in vitro studies to determine its release characteristics on a molecular level. The photosensitizers were delivered to carcinoma and normal cells cultured under model conditions using multiwell plates and with the use of the specially designed hybrid (poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)/ glass) microfluidic system. The specific geometry of our microsystem allows for the examination of intercellular interactions between cells cultured in the microchambers connected with microchannels of precisely defined length. Our microsystem allows investigating various therapeutic procedures (e.g., photodynamic therapy) on monoculture, coculture, and mixed culture, simultaneously, which is very difficult to perform using standard multiwell plates. In addition, we tested the cellular internalization of nanoparticles (differing in size, surface properties) in carcinoma and normal lung cells. We proved that cellular uptake of nanocapsules loaded with cyanine IR-780 in carcinoma cells was more significant than in normal cells. We demonstrated non cytotoxic effect of newly synthesized nanocapsules built with polyelectrolytes (PEs) of opposite surface charges: polyanion-polysodium-4-styrenesulphonate and polycation-poly(diallyldimethyl-ammonium) chloride loaded with cyanine IR-780 on human lung carcinoma and normal cell lines. However, the differences observed in the photocytotoxic effect between two types of tested nanocapsules can result from the type of last PE layer and their different surface charge. V C 2016 AIP Publishing LLC. [http://dx

Priming nanoparticle-guided diagnostics and therapeutics towards human organs-on-chips microphysiological system

“…In addition, photosensitizer (IR-780)-encapsulated NPs are investigated for the efficient delivery and therapeutic efficacy of NP to human lung cancer cells under microfluidic condition [ 64 ]. Human lung alveolar epithelial A549 line and normal lung fibroblast cell line (MRC-5) cultured in each PDMS/glass hybrid channel are used to quantitate the efficiency of cellular internalization of NPs at different sizes and surface properties.…”

Polyelectrolyte Oil‐Core Nanocarriers for Localized and Sustained Delivery of Daunorubicin to Colon Carcinoma MC38 Cells: The Case of Polysaccharide Multilayer Film in Relation to PEG‐ylated Shell

“…DNR‐loaded nanocapsules were prepared by a direct LbL saturation method without the intermediate rinsing step as described in our previous studies . Typically, the hydrophobic form of anthracycline‐based drug—DNR was, in the first step, dissolved in an appropriate oil phase (0.2 mg mL −1 ) prior to emulsification with C 12 (TAPAMS) 2 and water phase (weight ratio: 5% of surfactant, 2% of oil, and 93% of water).…”

“…To verify the assembly of the PE layers, the zeta potential (ζ‐potential) was exemplarily measured for PE nanocapsules after each LbL step with the Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZS apparatus. Each value was obtained as an average of three subsequent runs of the instrument with at least 20 measurements …”

“…Polyelectrolytes (PEs) are vastly multipurpose products which increase staging of extensive diversity of industrial applications and key processes, from water purification to oil recovery, color elimination, paper manufacture, mineral processing, production of controlled release devices, and a host of other uses . Purposes to develop pure and bioapplicable ionic polymers have allowed scientists to apply them in several scientific areas as tissue engineering, soothing agents, and drug or gene transfer, particularly for designing novel biocompatible nanosystems with controlled permeability . Furthermore, the drug encapsulation area has recently distinguished a significant increase, partly caused by the development and optimization of biomaterials applied in preparation of oil‐core/polymer‐shell containers .…”

Nanotoxicity: a challenge for future medicine

“…Shen et al determined that the dissolution of nano-ZnO cells is effective in the important emergence of the cytotoxic effect [121]. Mahto et al reported that quantum dots dissolve in water, increasing ROS production and causing cytotoxicity [122]. UV and visible light have affected the stabilization of nano-TiO2 and nano-ZnO materials.…”