Microfluidic on-demand engineering of exosomes towards cancer immunotherapy

Zhao, Zheng; McGill, Jodi L.; Gamero-Kubota, Pamela; He, Mei

doi:10.1039/c8lc01279b

Cited by 70 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…New technologies, such as nanoscale flow cytometry (NanoFCM) and microfluidic platforms with 100,000 pillars, have been used for more efficient isolation of EVs ( 99 , 100 ). A microfluidic cell culture platform using a 3D-printed microfluidic chip has also been used in the preparation of EVs ( 101 ). The research development of EVs is helpful to understand the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and provide new ideas for diagnosis and treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Functions and Applications

Zhang

Zhao

2021

Front. Immunol.

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In the last two decades, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have aroused wide interest among researchers in basic and clinical research. EVs, small membrane vesicles are released by almost all kinds of cells into the extracellular environment. According to many recent studies, EVs participate in immunomodulation and play an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. In addition, EVs have great potential in the diagnosis and therapy of autoimmune diseases. Here, we reviewed the latest research advances on the functions and mechanisms of EVs and their roles in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Functions and Applications

Zhang

Zhao

2021

Front. Immunol.

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“…A novel method has been reported for preparing exosomes in increased quantities by forcing cells through a screen mesh with apertures that select for vesicles of the appropriate size [141]. Further, a microfluidic cell culture platform has been described that can produce exosomes of defined composition on a large scale by using a 3D-printed microfluidic chip containing chambers for all steps in the process of exosome production and purification [142]. These technologies might obviate much of the technical issues that are involved in exosome production, such as poor yield, low purity, and molecular heterogeneity, which have frustrated efforts to develop exosomes as therapeutic tools.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes: Versatile Nano Mediators of Immune Regulation

Wang

Peng

et al. 2019

Cancers

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One of many types of extracellular vesicles (EVs), exosomes are nanovesicle structures that are released by almost all living cells that can perform a wide range of critical biological functions. Exosomes play important roles in both normal and pathological conditions by regulating cell-cell communication in cancer, angiogenesis, cellular differentiation, osteogenesis, and inflammation. Exosomes are stable in vivo and they can regulate biological processes by transferring lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and even entire signaling pathways through the circulation to cells at distal sites. Recent advances in the identification, production, and purification of exosomes have created opportunities to exploit these structures as novel drug delivery systems, modulators of cell signaling, mediators of antigen presentation, as well as biological targeting agents and diagnostic tools in cancer therapy. This review will examine the functions of immunocyte-derived exosomes and their roles in the immune response under physiological and pathological conditions. The use of immunocyte exosomes in immunotherapy and vaccine development is discussed.

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“…More understanding of recipient cells, transit, surface ligands, and cargo of exosomes, along with their access to the lymphatic system and movement across and within the BLyB, is needed for the development of a facile therapeutic pathway. An increasing amount of research on engineered DC exosomes, including surface receptor engineering [ 85 ] and cargo loading [ 86 ], has been conducted for more potent and targeted delivery in developing cancer immunotherapy [ 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 ] and other disease treatments [ 91 ]. Knowledge of exosome transport mechanisms within the BLyB could potentially simplify the complexity of designing cell-specific therapies or strategies and herald rapid, personalized medical care for patients.…”

Section: Blood–lymph Barrier (Blyb)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Unlocking the Power of Exosomes for Crossing Biological Barriers in Drug Delivery

2021

Self Cite

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Since the 2013 Nobel Prize was awarded for the discovery of vesicle trafficking, a subgroup of nanovesicles called exosomes has been driving the research field to a new regime for understanding cellular communication. This exosome-dominated traffic control system has increased understanding of many diseases, including cancer metastasis, diabetes, and HIV. In addition to the important diagnostic role, exosomes are particularly attractive for drug delivery, due to their distinctive properties in cellular information transfer and uptake. Compared to viral and non-viral synthetic systems, the natural, cell-derived exosomes exhibit intrinsic payload and bioavailability. Most importantly, exosomes easily cross biological barriers, obstacles that continue to challenge other drug delivery nanoparticle systems. Recent emerging studies have shown numerous critical roles of exosomes in many biological barriers, including the blood–brain barrier (BBB), blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB), blood–lymph barrier (BlyB), blood–air barrier (BAB), stromal barrier (SB), blood–labyrinth barrier (BLaB), blood–retinal barrier (BRB), and placental barrier (PB), which opens exciting new possibilities for using exosomes as the delivery platform. However, the systematic reviews summarizing such discoveries are still limited. This review covers state-of-the-art exosome research on crossing several important biological barriers with a focus on the current, accepted models used to explain the mechanisms of barrier crossing, including tight junctions. The potential to design and engineer exosomes to enhance delivery efficacy, leading to future applications in precision medicine and immunotherapy, is discussed.

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Microfluidic on-demand engineering of exosomes towards cancer immunotherapy

Cited by 70 publications

References 81 publications

Extracellular Vesicles in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Functions and Applications

Extracellular Vesicles in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Functions and Applications

Exosomes: Versatile Nano Mediators of Immune Regulation

Unlocking the Power of Exosomes for Crossing Biological Barriers in Drug Delivery

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