“…For example, soda lime glass is one of the cheapest and most commonly used forms of glass, but can contain a large amount of contaminants such as aluminum. Other target molecules include microRNAs [95,99], a biomarker for cancer, DNA [88,93,98,103,107,127], herpes simplex-2 virus infection [78], and common drinking water contaminates including E. coli [118], pesticides [95,108], synthetic estrogen in river water [100], and heavy metals [76, 134À136]. The best optical properties would be achieved in either fused-silica or quartz but these types of materials are significantly more expensive.…”