Microfluidic Design of Complex Emulsions

Choi, Chang‐Hyung; Kim, Jongmin; Nam, Jin-Oh; Kang, Sung-Min; Jeong, Seong-Geun; Lee, Chang‐Soo

doi:10.1002/cphc.201300821

Cited by 58 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 86 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…Because complex emulsion properties and functions are related to the droplet geometry and composition, the development of rapid, simple fabrication approaches allowing precise control over the droplets’ physical and chemical characteristics is critical. Significant advances in the fabrication of complex emulsions have been made using a number of procedures, ranging from large-scale, less precise techniques that give compositional heterogeneity using high-shear mixers and membranes 10 , to small-volume but more precise microfluidic methods 11,12 . However, such approaches have yet to create droplet morphologies that can be controllably altered after emulsification.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamically reconfigurable complex emulsions via tunable interfacial tensions

Zarzar

Sresht

Sletten

et al. 2015

Nature

363

428

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Emulsification is a powerful, well-known technique for mixing and dispersing immiscible components within a continuous liquid phase. Consequently, emulsions are central components of medicine, food and performance materials. Complex emulsions, including multiple emulsions and Janus droplets which contain hemispheres of differing material, are of increasing importance1 in pharmaceuticals and medical diagnostics2, in the fabrication of microparticles and capsules3–5 for food6, in chemical separations7, in cosmetics8, and in dynamic optics9. Because complex emulsion properties and functions are related to the droplet geometry and composition, the development of rapid, simple fabrication approaches allowing precise control over the droplets’ physical and chemical characteristics is critical. Significant advances in the fabrication of complex emulsions have been made using a number of procedures, ranging from large-scale, less precise techniques that give compositional heterogeneity using high-shear mixers and membranes10, to small-volume but more precise microfluidic methods11,12. However, such approaches have yet to create droplet morphologies that can be controllably altered after emulsification. Reconfigurable complex liquids potentially have greatly increased utility as dynamically tunable materials. Here we describe an approach to the one-step fabrication of three- and four-phase complex emulsions with highly controllable and reconfigurable morphologies. The fabrication makes use of the temperature-sensitive miscibility of hydrocarbon, silicone and fluorocarbon liquids, and is applied to both the microfluidic and the scalable batch production of complex droplets. We demonstrate that droplet geometries can be alternated between encapsulated and Janus configurations by varying the interfacial tensions using hydrocarbon and fluorinated surfactants including stimuli-responsive and cleavable surfactants. This yields a generalizable strategy for the fabrication of multiphase emulsions with controllably reconfigurable morphologies and the potential to create a wide range of responsive materials.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamically reconfigurable complex emulsions via tunable interfacial tensions

Zarzar

Sresht

Sletten

et al. 2015

Nature

363

428

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“…This process is defined as dripping. When the flow rate of either fluid is increased, a wider size distribution droplet is generated, due to the jet formation .…”

Section: Nanoemulsification Process: High‐energy Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This process is defined as dripping. When the flow rate of either fluid is increased, a wider size distribution droplet is generated, due to the jet formation [16,23,24]. Although microfluidizers allow narrower droplet distribution in nanoemulsion than of other emulsifying devices, they have some disadvantages such as high manufacturing costs, channels clogged by solid particles and long emulsification time, which leads to recoalescence of emulsion droplets resulting an increase in the droplet sizes [16,21].…”

Section: Nanoemulsification Process: High-energy Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoemulsion: process selection and application in cosmetics – a review

Yukuyama

Ghisleni

Pinto

et al. 2015

Intern J of Cosmetic Sci

262

171

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SynopsisIn recent decades, considerable and continuous growth in consumer demand in the cosmetics field has spurred the development of sophisticated formulations, aiming at high performance, attractive appearance, sensorial benefit and safety. Yet despite increasing demand from consumers, the formulator faces certain restrictions regarding the optimum equilibrium between the active compound concentration and the formulation base taking into account the nature of the skin structure, mainly concerning to the ideal penetration of the active compound, due to the natural skin barrier. Emulsion is a mixture of two immiscible phases, and the interest in nanoscale emulsion has been growing considerably in recent decades due to its specific attributes such as high stability, attractive appearance and drug delivery properties; therefore, performance is expected to improve using a lipid-based nanocarrier. Nanoemulsions are generated by different approaches: the so-called high-energy and low-energy methods. The global overview of these mechanisms and different alternatives for each method are presented in this paper, along with their benefits and drawbacks. As a cosmetics formulation is reflected in product delivery to consumers, nanoemulsion development with prospects for large-scale production is one of the key attributes in the method selection process. Thus, the aim of this review was to highlight the main high-and low-energy methods applicable in cosmetics and dermatological product development, their specificities, recent research on these methods in the cosmetics and consideration for the process selection optimization. The specific process with regard to inorganic nanoparticles, polymer nanoparticles and nanocapsule formulation is not considered in this paper.R esum e Au cours des derni eres d ecennies, la croissance consid erable et continue de la demande des consommateurs dans le domaine des cosm etiques a stimul e le d eveloppement de formulations sophistiqu ees, visant a haute performance, de belle apparence, de l'avantage sensoriel et de la s ecurit e. Pourtant, malgr e la demande croissante des consommateurs, le formulateur est confront e a certaines restrictions concernant l' equilibre optimal entre la concentration en substance active et la base de la formulation, en tenant compte de la nature de la structure de la peau, concernant principalement a la p en etration id eale de la substance active, en raison de la nature barri ere de la peau. Une emulsion est un m elange de deux phases non miscibles, et l'int erêt en emulsion a l' echelle nanom etrique a augment e consid erablement au cours des derni eres d ecennies en raison de ses attributs sp ecifiques tels que grande stabilit e, les propri et es d'apparence et de vectorisation d'actifs attrayantes; par cons equent, on peut attendre une am elioration des performances par l'utilisation d'un nanocarrier a base de lipides. Les nano emulsions sont g en er ees par diff erentes approches: les m ethodes dites de haute energie et de faible energie. La vue d'ensembl...

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“…A microfluidic approach to produce such structures provides high accuracy and precision as emulsions are formed on a drop-by-drop basis, giving high control over size, shell thickness [17,18] and morphology. [19] Reports on the formation of core-shell drops with ultrathin shells are scarce. However, Kim et al [14] demonstrated the formation of such structures (both O/W/O and W/O/W) using a 3D glass capillary-based microfluidic device.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large Ultrathin Shelled Drops Produced via Non‐Confined Microfluidics

2014

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We present a facile approach for producing large and monodisperse core-shell drops with ultrathin shells using a single-step process. A biphasic compound jet is introduced into a quiescent third (outer) phase that ruptures to form core-shell drops. Ultrathin shelled drops could only be produced within a certain range of surfactant concentrations and flow rates, highlighting the effect of interfacial tension in engulfing the core in a thin shell. An increase in surfactant concentrations initially resulted in drops with thinner shells. However, the drops with thinnest shells were obtained at an optimum surfactant concentration, and a further increase in the surfactant concentrations increased the shell thickness. Highly monodisperse (coefficient of variation smaller than 3 %) core-shell drops with diameter of ∼200 μm-2 mm with shell thickness as small as ∼2 μm were produced. The resulting drops were stable enough to undergo polymerisation and produce ultrathin shelled capsules.

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Microfluidic Design of Complex Emulsions

Cited by 58 publications

References 86 publications

Dynamically reconfigurable complex emulsions via tunable interfacial tensions

Dynamically reconfigurable complex emulsions via tunable interfacial tensions

Nanoemulsion: process selection and application in cosmetics – a review

Large Ultrathin Shelled Drops Produced via Non‐Confined Microfluidics

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