Microflora-derived polyamines modulate obstruction-induced colonic mucosal hypertrophy

Osborne, David; Seidel, Edward R.

doi:10.1152/ajpgi.1989.256.6.g1049

Cited by 27 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…The latter possibility agrees with results obtained by other authors (16). This hypothesis is further reinforced by the fact that the bacterial flora, another source of exogenous polyamines, grows with the administration of solid food (25). To evaluate the possible implications of our findings for humans, we measured the polyamine concentration in infant formulas and in human milk.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Polyamine Concentration in Rat Milk and Food, Human Milk, and Infant Formulas1

et al. 1992

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ABSTRACT. The polyamine concentration in rat milk and food, human milk, and infant formulas was estimated by HPLC. In rat milk, the concentration of putrescine and spermine was low (generally under 2.5 nmol . mL-' for putrescine and under 1 nmol.mL-' for spermine). The spermidine concentration was higher and seemed to increase during lactation. The rat food was richer in polyamines than the rat milk (about 150 times for putrescine and spermine, about 30 times for spermidine). We already proved that ingestion of spermine or spermidine can induce precocious maturation of the rat intestine. The present observations suggest that polyamines contained in rat food could play an important role in postnatal maturation of the rat intestine. The polyamine concentration of human milk was measured from 60 different mothers during a period extending from the 1st wk to the 6th mo of lactation. Great variation was observed. During the 1st mo of lactation, the general pattern was as follows: putrescine concentration generally varied little (from 1 to 3 nmol.mL-I), spermine and spermidine concentrations showed a similar pattern (the highest values appeared at the end of the 1st wk of suckling). After the 4th mo of lactation, putrescine concentration increased slightly, whereas spermine and spermidine concentration stayed almost stable. The concentrations of polyamines in 18 powdered milks for babies were estimated. Spermine and spermidine contents were lower than those in human milk. A protective effect of spermine or spermidine against alimentary allergies is suggested. (Pediatr Res 32: [58][59][60][61][62][63]1992) In the rat, maturation of the gastrointestinal tract occurs during the 3rd postnatal wk (for example, see 1-4). Before maturation, the lactase sp act of the small bowel mucosa is high, whereas sucrase and maltase are very low. This immature mucosa is characterized histologically by the presence of enterocytes containing a large supranuclear vacuole and an apical canalicular system probably involved in nonspecific protein transfer through the gut wall. At the moment of maturation (1 8th-20th postnatal d, i.e. the time of weaning) mucosal sp act of maltase and sucrase increase dramatically, whereas lactase sp act decreases to very low values. At the same time, enterocytes lose their apical canalicular system as well as their supranuclear vacuole and nonspe-

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Polyamine Concentration in Rat Milk and Food, Human Milk, and Infant Formulas1

et al. 1992

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“…This is the first report of intestinal tissue polyamine levels in neonatal pigs and the data are in good agreement with those published for the neonatal rat (Dufour et al, 1988). Intestinal tissue polyamines originate from several sources including de novo synthesis, translocation from other organs, diet (Bardocz et al, 1990) and luminal bacteria (Osbourne and Seidel, 1989). In the current study, enhanced tissue polyamine levels are likely to be of endogenous and dietary origin since intestinal microbial populations do not change dramatically during suckling (McAllistair et al, 1979).…”

Section: Milk Polyaminessupporting

confidence: 88%

Polyamide profiles of porcine milk and of intestinal tissue of pigs during suckling

Kelly¹,

King²,

Brown³

et al. 1991

Reprod. Nutr. Dévelop.

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“…Indeed, only traces of putrescine were detected in the yeast culture media after 96 h without evidence of spermidine and spermine secretion in the media. Further support for our conclusion is provided by two observations: 1 ) less than 3% of the oral dose of yeast cells is recovered in stools in a viable form, indicating that progressive endoluminal catabolism occurs during the intestinal transit (24); and 2) microfloraderived polyamines can modulate mucosal thickness, causing even intestinal obstruction by excessive bowel hypertrophy (25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Saccharomyces boulardii Enhances Rat Intestinal Enzyme Expression by Endoluminal Release of Polyamines

1994

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Saccharomyces boulardii is a yeast widely used in humans for the prevention and treatment of infectious enteritis and Clostridium difficile-associated enterocolopathies. After oral administration to human volunteers or growing rats, S. boulardii enhances markedly the expression of intestinal enzymes as well as the production of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor by mechanisms that remain unknown. We have analyzed the role of the yeast polyamines as potential mediators in the intestinal trophic response. In weanling rats (d 20 to d 30), a daily dose of 100 mg of lyophilized S. boulardii produced significant (p < 0.025) increases in sucrase (157%) and maltase (47%) activities. This dose corresponded to a total oral load of 678 nmol of polyamines per day (spermidine: 376 + 32, spermine: 293 + 26, putrescine: 9.5 + 1.4 nmo11100 mg). Spermine, given orally to growing rats at doses nearly equivaSaccharomyces boulardii is a thermophilic, nontoxic yeast used in many countries for the treatment of acute infectious enteritis (I), antibiotic-induced gastrointestinal disorders (2, 3), and Clostridium dificile-associatedenterocolopathies (4, 5). The physiologic impact of the yeast on the gastrointestinal tract of mammals remains largely unknown. In a previous study (6), we have shown that the oral treatment of human volunteers and weaned rats with a lyophilized preparation of S. boulardii resulted in marked increases in the specific and total activities of brush-border membrane enzymes without morphologic alteration of the intestinal mucosa.Subsequently, w e found increased secretion of IgA and of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor in intestinal fluid and mucosa of rats treated with S. boulardii (7). Although these changes may contribute to the explana- lent (500 nmol) to the load of polyamines provided by the yeast (678 nmol), reproduced similar enzymatic changes, including a 2.5-fold induction of sucrase, and enhanced maltase activity (+24%). Spermidine and spermine concentrations measured in the jejunal mucosa of treated rats were increased over matched controls by 21.4% (p < 0.005) and 21.9%, respectively (p < 0.002). After being centrifuged and filtered to discard residual yeast cells, 2-mL samples of jejunal and ileal fluid collected from S. boulardii-treated rats by intestinal flushing contained higher levels of spermidine (48 and 60%) and spermine (150 and 316%) than did control rats. Our data indicate that lyophilized S. boulardii exerts trophic effects on the small intestine that are likely mediated by the endoluminal release of spermine and spermidine. (Pediufr Res 36: 522-527, 1994) tion of the beneficial effects of the yeast therapy in certain intestinal disorders, the exact mechanism by which S. boulardii exerts trophic effects on the small intestinal mucosa is not elucidated. Preliminary findings (6, 7) indicate that the enhanced expression of surface membrane glycoproteins including disaccharidases and secretory component seems unrelated to an increase in cell turnover (7) or to changes in the incorp...

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Microflora-derived polyamines modulate obstruction-induced colonic mucosal hypertrophy

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

Polyamine Concentration in Rat Milk and Food, Human Milk, and Infant Formulas1

Polyamine Concentration in Rat Milk and Food, Human Milk, and Infant Formulas1

Polyamide profiles of porcine milk and of intestinal tissue of pigs during suckling

Saccharomyces boulardii Enhances Rat Intestinal Enzyme Expression by Endoluminal Release of Polyamines

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