Polyamine Concentration in Rat Milk and Food, Human Milk, and Infant Formulas1

Romain, Nadine; Dandrifosse, Guy; Jeusette, F.; Forget, Patricia

doi:10.1203/00006450-199207000-00011

Cited by 123 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The amounts of polyamine that we found in rat milk were close to those reported in other studies (38,39). When the rats were weaned on Ico, containing higher levels of polyamines than milk, they consumed larger amounts of polyamines.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Polyamine Participation in the Maturation of Glycoprotein Fucosylation, but not Sialylation, in Rat Small Intestine

Biol-N’garagba

2002

Pediatric Research

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The aim of this study was to determine the role of polyamines in the diet-related maturation of the intestinal glycoprotein glycosylation during postnatal development in the rat. The activity of ␣-2,6-sialyltransferase and the sialylated forms of glycoproteins in the intestinal brush-border membranes were found to decrease considerably after weaning, in parallel with the intestinal level of putrescine. By contrast, the activity of ␣-1,2-fucosyltransferases, the mRNA levels for two ␣-1,2-fucosyltransferase genes, FTA and FTB, and the fucosylated forms of glycoproteins all increased after weaning, in parallel with the levels of spermidine and spermine. These results suggest a possible role of polyamines in the evolution of glycosylation. The treatment of suckling rats with spermidine or spermine reproduced the high intestinal levels of these polyamines corresponding to those normally found after weaning. After these treatments, a rise in the activity of the ␣-1,2-fucosyltransferase was observed, associated with a fall in ␣-L-fucosidase activity. The ␣-1,2-fucosyltransferase FTB gene was found to be regulated at the transcriptional level, but not by its inhibitor, fuctinin. The result of these variations was the precocious appearance of several ␣-1,2-fucoproteins, which are normally found in brushborder membranes after weaning. The treatment of suckling rats with putrescine, which induced only a transitory rise in intestinal putrescine, had a similar but weaker effect on the fucosylation process than spermidine or spermine, and treatment with ornithine was ineffective. ␣-2,6-Sialylation was not affected by any of the treatments. Spermidine and spermine turned out to be more effective than putrescine for intestinal glycoprotein fucosylation, but did not affect their sialylation. Spermidine and spermine, whose intestinal levels where found to increase at weaning time, may have been partly responsible for the natural evolution of the intestinal glycoprotein fucosylation that occurred during this period. The rat small intestine is immature until the end of the third week of life, when the weaning period begins. Intestinal maturation is associated with morphologic changes, an increase in mucus production, immunologic adaptation to new microbial and nutritional antigenic contents (1), and digestive adaptation to new nutriments (2).Two types of glycoproteins play important functional roles in the small intestine. Mucins (secreted by the goblet cells) are different in composition between neonatal and mature rats, especially as regards their glycan chains (3). In the neonate, these changes may affect the permeability (4) and the barrier function of the intestine, and consequently may favor infections (5) and food allergies (6). At the apical enterocyte level, in the brush-border membranes, most of the digestive enzymes (lactase, sucrase, maltase, aminopeptidase, alkaline phosphatase) are glycoproteins whose activity changes a great deal at weaning time to enable the animal to cope with the adult solid diet (2). A shift from...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Polyamine Participation in the Maturation of Glycoprotein Fucosylation, but not Sialylation, in Rat Small Intestine

Biol-N’garagba

2002

Pediatric Research

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“…In the rat the most recent findings in the field (for example, see Dufour et al 1988;Georges et al 1990;Dandrifosse et al 1991;Romain et al 1992Romain et al , 1998Wery et al 1992Wery et al , 1996aButs et al 1993Buts et al , 1994Kaouass et al 1993Kaouass et al , 1994Kaouass et al , 1996Kaouass et al , 1997aDeloyer et al 1996;Peulen et al 1997Peulen et al , 1998aLaschet et al 1998) have led to a working hypothesis explaining the effect of spermine on the maturation of the digestive tract, especially at the level of the intestine (Luk et al 1980;Dufour et al 1988;Georges et al 1990;Buts et al 1993;Dandrifosse et al 1999). In this organ two phases characterize the effect of spermine (Wery et al 1992(Wery et al , 1996aWery & Dandrifosse, 1993;Kaouass et al 1996;Peulen et al 1998b;Dandrifosse et al 1999;; desquamation of the intestinal epithelium is followed by a hormonal cascade.…”

Section: Information From Studies Performed Using Sucking Ratsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are milk polyamines preventive agents against food allergy?

et al. 2000

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Insufficient polyamine intake could play a role in the induction of sensitization to dietary allergens. This proposal is based essentially on investigations made in sucking rats and in children. In sucking rats it has been established that oral administration of spermine can induce all the modifications occurring in the digestive tract at weaning. In the intestine events occur in two phases. The early event consists of desquamation of the epithelium resulting from an activation of apoptosis. The late event appears to involve an hormonal cascade in which adrenocorticotropic hormone, cytokines, bombesin and corticosterone are included. Observations in human subjects show that: (1) the spermine and spermidine concentrations are generally lower in infant formulas than in human breast milk. Mothers seem consistently to have relatively high or relatively low concentrations of spermine and spermidine in their milk. These individual variations may be due to diet, lifestyle or genetic background; (2) the probability of developing allergy can reach 80 % if the mean spermine concentration in the milk is lower than 2 nmol/ml milk. It is approximately 0 % if the mean spermine concentration is higher than 13 nmol/ml milk; (3) preliminary results show that the intestinal permeability to macromolecules differs in premature babies when they are fed on breast milk compared with infant formulas (J Senterre, J Rigo, G Forget, G Dandrifosse and N Romain, unpublished results). This difference does not seem to be present when powdered milk is supplemented with polyamines at the concentration found in breast milk; (4) spermine increases proliferation and differentiation of lymphocytes isolated from the tonsils of children.

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“…Polyamines are known to be involved i n cell proliferation and differentiation in many tissues, including the gastrointestinal tract (Pegg, 1986;Pollack et al 1992). Whereas human milk has been found to contain considerable amounts of putrescine, spermine, and spermidine, standard cows' milk based infant formulas contain no detectable polyamines or only very small amounts (Pollack et al 1992;Romain et al 1992). Additionally, epidermal growth factor may be involved in maturational processes of the newborn (Kidwell & Salomon, 1989).…”

Section: N O N -P R O T E I N N I T R O G E Nmentioning

confidence: 99%