Microflora Associated with Eggs and Nauplii of &lt;i&gt;Artemia salina&lt;/i&gt;

Igarashi, Marco Antônio; Sugita, Haruo; Deguchi, Yoshiaki

doi:10.2331/suisan.55.2045

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…Contrary to helminth parasites, which are not present in dormant brine-shrimp eggs ("cysts", i.e. the life-cycle stage in which A. franciscana was introduced), several bacteria, viruses and fungi (mainly microsporidia) have been identified in Artemia cysts and nauplii from the field and from commercial samples (Austin and Allen 1982;Igarashi et al 1989). Microsporidia in particular can be highly prevalent in invasive populations of A. franciscana (Rode et al 2013) and provoke high levels of mortality in native Artemia populations (personal observation).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Larval helminths in the invasive American brine shrimp Artemia franciscana throughout its annual cycle

Georgiev

Angelov

Vasileva

et al. 2014

Acta Parasitologica

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One of the best examples of rapid displacement of native species by an invader is the eradication of native Artemia salina and A. parthenogenetica in the Mediterranean by the introduced American A. franciscana. Previous studies based on sampling from limited time periods suggest that the success of the American species as a competitor may be due partly to different parasite burden, since native Artemia spp. have high cestode infection rates regulating their density. The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that the helminth infection in A. franciscana in its invasive range is low throughout its annual life cycle. Samples of A. franciscana were collected every second month from La Tapa saltern (Andalusia) during one year. Five helminth species were recorded: cestodes Flamingolepis liguloides, F. flamingo, Gynandrotaenia stammeri (all flamingo parasites), Eurycestus avoceti (a shorebird parasite) and larval spirurids of the Acuariinae (the first record of nematodes in Artemia). The overall infection rate was low, with total prevalence 5.9% and prevalence of individual parasite species between 0.2 and 3.2%. The mean abundance of helminths was 0.005-0.155 (av. 0.068), 5-13 times lower than in native congeners. Waterbird counts indicate that the low infection rates cannot be explained by lack of definitive hosts. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that helminths have no regulating effect on the invasive brine shrimp in the Mediterranean. The replacement of the native populations by the invader can be partially explained by a competition mediated by parasites/predators through a differential impact on host fitness.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Larval helminths in the invasive American brine shrimp Artemia franciscana throughout its annual cycle

Georgiev

Angelov

Vasileva

et al. 2014

Acta Parasitologica

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“…Despite the widespread use of live and/or fresh unprocessed shrimp feed items, there is growing concern and evidence that many of these feed items may also pose a biosecurity risk through the introduction of potential viable pathogens to the cultured shrimp, including (but not limited to): White spot syndrome virus (WSSV): polychaete Dendronereis spp. (Nereidae; Desrina ); polychaete Pereneis nuntia (Laoaroon et al ), polychaete worms (Vijayan et al ); Artemia biomass (Chang et al ; Sahul Hameed et al ; Li et al ; Parenrengi ; Alday‐Sanz ); phytoplankton, rotifer, Artemia , shrimp (Jiang ); copepods, amphipods, nonpenaeid shrimp, crabs (Song et al ); shrimp – cannibalism (Satoh ); hermit crabs (Chang et al ); live molluscs (Tendencia et al ) Hypodermal hematopoietic necrosis baculovirus: shrimp, phytoplankton, small crustaceans, fish (Huang et al ) Infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus: wild shrimp and crabs (Lavilla‐Pitogo et al ), Artemia biomass (polymerase chain reaction [PCR] positive; Alday‐Sanz ) Bacteria – general: Artemia (Igarashi et al ; Hoj et al ); luminous bacteria: Artemia (Abraham and Palaniappan ); Enterococcus spp. : Artemia (Babu et al ); Vibrio parahaemolyticus : broodstock, fresh feed (Yingkajorn et al ), pond zooplankton (Karunasagar ); Vibrio : Artemia (Vaseeharan and Ramasamy ; Lavilla‐Pitogo ); Vibriosis contamination: mantis shrimp Squilla spp.…”

Section: Biosecurity Risks From the Use Of Contaminated Shrimp Feedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosecure Shrimp Feeds and Feeding Practices: Guidelines for Future Development

Tacon

2017

J World Aquaculture Soc

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For the purposes of this paper, biosecure shrimp feeds and on‐farm feeding strategies refer to the “feed, whether live, fresh, or formulated, and the management of the feed on the farm, should not be an entry point of potential pathogens to the shrimp and/or to the culture system.” The paper reviews the different feeds commonly used for the production of farmed shrimp and discusses their potential risks from a disease perspective, including the use of live hatchery and nursery feeds, the use of live and/or fresh food organisms for the production of broodstock, and the use of dry formulated shrimp feeds for shrimp growout operations. In addition, the paper discusses the critical role played by feed‐processing techniques for the pasteurization and destruction of pathogens within shrimp feeds and the need for nutritionists to formulate feeds for optimal nutrition and health, and not just for optimal growth. The importance of the development and implementation of good on‐farm feed management practices by farmers is discussed, including the prohibition of the top‐dressing of pelleted feeds on farm by farmers with unapproved feed additives such as antibiotics. Finally, the paper discusses the responsibilities of farmers, feed manufacturers, and traders regarding the development and use of recommended biosecure shrimp feeds and feeding practices.

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“…Several bacterial genera are related to Artemia cysts and nauplii (Austin and Allen, 1982;Igarashi et al, 1989;Gómez-Gil, 1993). In aquaculture, the most important is Vibrio, which has been recorded in Artemia nauplii by Montoya-Rodríguez (1992), Pector et al…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The number of isolations is given in parentheses; 96 isolations in total (24 per sample). Existe una gran variedad de géneros bacterianos relacionados con los quistes y nauplios de Artemia (Austin and Allen, 1982;Igarashi et al, 1989;Gómez-Gil, 1993). El de mayor importancia para la acuicultura es Vibrio, que ha sido registrado por Montoya-Rodríguez (1992), Pector et al (1994), Verdonck et al (1994), Lizárraga-Partida et al (1997) y López-Torres (1997) en nauplios de Artemia.…”

Section: Regiónunclassified

Bacteria and hatching percentage of cysts of Artemia franciscana Kellogg, 1906, from four natural populations in Mexico

et al. 2000

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Recibido en agosto de 1999; aceptado en febrero de 2000 RESUMENSe evaluaron los porcentajes de eclosión de quistes de cuatro poblaciones de Artemia franciscana autóctona de México y en los nauplios obtenidos se cuantificaron los niveles de bacterias heterótrofas viables (VHB) y de bacterias con capacidad de crecer en el medio de agar tiosulfato-citrato-sales biliaressacarosa (TCBSB). La mayor eficiencia de eclosión (71.8%) se dio en los quistes de Texcoco y fue nula en los quistes de Yavaros. Las VHB presentaron niveles de abundancia semejantes en todas las muestras,

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Microflora Associated with Eggs and Nauplii of <i>Artemia salina</i>

Abstract: Although brine shrimp Artemia salina is known as an important diet for larvae and juveniles of marine fish and crustacea, there are little studies on microflora of brine shrimp, except for Austin and Allen.1) It, how

Cited by 22 publications

References 2 publications

Larval helminths in the invasive American brine shrimp Artemia franciscana throughout its annual cycle

Larval helminths in the invasive American brine shrimp Artemia franciscana throughout its annual cycle

Biosecure Shrimp Feeds and Feeding Practices: Guidelines for Future Development

Bacteria and hatching percentage of cysts of Artemia franciscana Kellogg, 1906, from four natural populations in Mexico

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