Biosecure Shrimp Feeds and Feeding Practices: Guidelines for Future Development

Abstract

For the purposes of this paper, biosecure shrimp feeds and on‐farm feeding strategies refer to the “feed, whether live, fresh, or formulated, and the management of the feed on the farm, should not be an entry point of potential pathogens to the shrimp and/or to the culture system.” The paper reviews the different feeds commonly used for the production of farmed shrimp and discusses their potential risks from a disease perspective, including the use of live hatchery and nursery feeds, the use of live and/or fresh food organisms for the production of broodstock, and the use of dry formulated shrimp feeds for shrimp growout operations. In addition, the paper discusses the critical role played by feed‐processing techniques for the pasteurization and destruction of pathogens within shrimp feeds and the need for nutritionists to formulate feeds for optimal nutrition and health, and not just for optimal growth. The importance of the development and implementation of good on‐farm feed management practices by farmers is discussed, including the prohibition of the top‐dressing of pelleted feeds on farm by farmers with unapproved feed additives such as antibiotics. Finally, the paper discusses the responsibilities of farmers, feed manufacturers, and traders regarding the development and use of recommended biosecure shrimp feeds and feeding practices.

Interactive influence of dietary protein and lipid on maturation of Indian white prawn, Penaeus indicus broodstock

“…In addition, live feeds like polychaetes are reported as a vector of potent crustacean diseases including white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) (Haryadi et al, 2013; Thitamadee et al, 2016; Vijayan et al, 2005). A formulated maturation diet which efficiently promotes gonadal maturation and improves larval quantity and quality is beneficial for hatchery operations since it has well‐defined nutritional content, long shelf life, stable supply and, most importantly, has low risk of contamination (Chimsung, 2014; Tacon, 2017; Wouters, Lavens, et al, 2001).…”

Reproductive performance and offspring quality of non-ablated Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) under intensive commercial scale conditions

“…The Pacific whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is currently the most cultured marine shrimp worldwide with 75% of global shrimp aquaculture production in 2016 (Anderson et al, 2016). It is the single most valuable aquatic farmed species, worth 25% more than global Atlantic salmon production, (Tacon, 2017) and widely internationally traded.…”

Aquaculture Research Priorities for the Next Decade: A Global Perspective

“…Research must continue to evaluate formulated alternatives to Artemia sp. and other live feeds to address biosecurity considerations (Tacon ) to expand global production of shrimp and marine fish species.…”