Microfacies analysis and reservoir evaluation based on diagenetic features and log analysis of the Nammal Formation, Western and Central Salt Range, Upper Indus Basin, Pakistan

Hussain, Jabir; Khan, Tahseenullah; Shami, Birkhez Aslam; Zafar, Muhammad Usman; Hayat, Tassawar

doi:10.1007/s12517-021-07387-7

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The Maniyara Fort Formation is overall characterised by bioclastic mudstone-wackestone microfacies association with dominance of bioclasts of benthic foraminifera and coralline algae with occasional bivalves, and considerable proportion of micritic matrix; hence interpreted to be deposited in a gently sloping platform settings, that is, middle to inner ramp environment (Abdula et al, 2015; Bilal et al, 2022; Hussain et al, 2021; Lehrmann et al, 2003; Rehman et al, 2021; Yini et al, 2022). Significant proportion of insoluble residue (avr.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The marl present in the member is characterised by turriform gastropod fossils. These Bermoti limestones are petrographically classified as packstone, wackestone and mudstone assemblage, indicating their deposition of shallow marine, inner to middle ramp environment (Bilal et al, 2022; Hussain et al, 2021; Lehrmann et al, 2003; Rehman et al, 2021; Yini et al, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Petrographic analysis of Oligocene carbonates of Kachchh basin

Patil,

Pundalik,

Pansare

2023

Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India

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The Kachchh basin is located on the northwestern margin of India. The basin consists of a relatively continuous sequence of sediments from the Mesozoic, followed by the Deccan Traps and finally a complete sequence of the Cenozoic sediments. The Cenozoic sediments of Kachchh basin are mainly shallow marine deposits characterised by five formations viz. Matanomadh, Naredi, Harudi, Fulra Limestone and Maniyara Fort Formation. The Maniyara Fort Formation belongs to the Oligocene age. The field and petrographic characteristics of the Oligocene limestones from the Golay river section were studied in order to understand the depositional environment. The petrographic investigation of the carbonate rocks of three members of the Maniyara Fort Formation, namely Lumpy Clay Member, Coral Limestone Member and Bermoti Member provides important information for understanding the depositional facies and diagenetic signatures. The Lumpy Clay Member has shale-siltstones with interbedded limestones, characteristically composed of a significant proportion of detrital grains of quartz and some lithic fragments. The lithic fragments are sub-angular to rounded, which indicates substantial transport. They are also worn down and broken, bear small cracks which are filled by micritic matrix or mud. The presence of stylolitic seams within the limestone (though not significant) along with mud filling is also noticed. The dissolution is not prominent, pointing towards shallow burial of the sediments. Paucity of marine fossils as well as the rarity of foraminifera in the Lumpy Clay Member indicate a restricted to semi-restricted shallow marine environment. The limestones of the Coral Limestone Member are petrographically classified as packstone, wackestone and mudstone. Thus, the environment of deposition seems to have varied from restricted lagoonal to shallow marine environment. The Bermoti Member is characterised by a lens of claystone, which consists of both greyish to yellow coloured claystones interbedded with limestones. The Bermoti limestones are petrographically classified as packstone, wackestone and mudstone assemblage. The limestones were observed to be highly micritised, which indicates open, shallow marine settings. The Maniyara Fort Formation, thus characterised by wackestone-packstone-mudstone facies of carbonates, is interpreted to be part of a carbonate ramp system. The limestones from Maniyara Fort Formation exhibit signatures of marine as well as meteoric diagenesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Petrographic analysis of Oligocene carbonates of Kachchh basin

Patil,

Pundalik,

Pansare

2023

Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India

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“…For petrography, collected rock samples were thin-sectioned and around 20 thin-sections of around 0.03 mm thickness were prepared and studied under the polarizing microscope. Conventional petrography was performed using the method and chart of Scholle and Ulmer-Scholle 40 and Hussain et al 15 , and the grain-counting technique was used for the estimation of the mineral contents.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Major sources of aggregate in Pakistan include limestones obtained from Margala hills, aggregate from the Kirana hills, District Khyber hills, and carbonates of Wargal, Sakasar, and Kohat 12 , 14 . Mostly Palaeocene and Eocene sedimentary successions of Pakistan have the utmost significance in terms of geotechnical use and hydrocarbon exploration 15 , 16 . The National Highway Authority (NHA) exploited these aggregates to build roadways as part of the massive China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) project.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the north-central part of the Indian Plate, the Salt Range is an active fold and thrust belt formed by the collision of the Indian Plate with the Eurasian Plate 24 , 25 . The Salt Range continuously experiences deformation of the compressional, transform, and extensional types 15 , 24 , 26 . The range front is characterized by the superposition of Precambrian evaporites and overlying layers atop syn-orogenic alluvium and fan material 27 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring the potential of late permian aggregate resources for utilization in engineering structures through geotechnical, geochemical and petrographic analyses

Hussain

Zhang

Iqbal

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is an ongoing mega-construction project in Pakistan that necessitates further exploration of new natural resources of aggregate to facilitate the extensive construction. Therefore, the Late Permian strata of Chhidru and Wargal Limestone for aggregates resources were envisaged to evaluate their optimal way of construction usage through detailed geotechnical, geochemical, and petrographic analyses. Geotechnical analysis was performed under BS and ASTM standards with the help of employing different laboratory tests. A simple regression analysis was employed to ascertain mutual correlations between physical parameters. Based on the petrographic analysis, the Wargal Limestone is classified into mudstones and wackestone, and Chhidru Formation is categorized into wackestone and floatstone microfacies, both containing primary constituents of calcite and bioclasts. The geochemical analysis revealed that the Wargal Limestone and Chhidru Formation encompass calcium oxide (CaO) as the dominant mineral content. These analyses also depicted that the Wargal Limestone aggregates bear no vulnerability to alkali-aggregate reactions (AAR), whereas the Chhidru Formation tends to be susceptible to AAR and deleterious. Moreover, the coefficient of determination and strength characteristics, for instance, unconfined compressive strength and point load test were found inversely associated with bioclast concentrations and directly linked to calcite contents. Based on the geotechnical, petrographic, and geochemical analyses, the Wargal Limestone proved to be a significant potential source for both small and large-scale construction projects, such as CPEC, but the Chhidru Formation aggregates should be used with extra caution due to high silica content.

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