Microextraction Techniques in Illicit Drug Testing: Present and Future

Montesano, Camilla; Sergi, Manuel

doi:10.4155/bio-2016-0008

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Moreover, target molecules in complex matrices, such as biological fluids, are often masked by the presence of other components in the sample that prevent their accurate characterization through vibrational spectroscopy [ 121 , 123 ]. One way to overcome such obstacles is the integration of SERS with separation techniques, such as thin-layer chromatography (TLC) [ 124 , 125 ], HPLC [ 119 ], chemical separation [ 98 ], and solid/liquid-phase extraction [ 126 ]. Another way is to use capture methods for selective detection and recognition of the target molecules combined with SERS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in the Use of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering for Illicit Drug Detection

Azimi¹,

Docoslis²

2022

Sensors

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The rapid increase in illicit drug use and its adverse health effects and socio-economic consequences have reached alarming proportions in recent years. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has emerged as a highly sensitive analytical tool for the detection of low dosages of drugs in liquid and solid samples. In the present article, we review the state-of-the-art use of SERS for chemical analysis of illicit drugs in aqueous and complex biological samples, including saliva, urine, and blood. We also include a review of the types of SERS substrates used for this purpose, pointing out recent advancements in substrate fabrication towards quantitative and qualitative detection of illicit drugs. Finally, we conclude by providing our perspective on the field of SERS-based drug detection, including presently faced challenges. Overall, our review provides evidence of the strong potential of SERS to establish itself as both a laboratory and in situ analytical method for fast and sensitive drug detection and identification.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in the Use of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering for Illicit Drug Detection

Azimi¹,

Docoslis²

2022

Sensors

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“…To have a determination of psychoactive substances and their metabolites with high mass accuracy, liquid chromatography can be coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (MS) [12,13]. In modern illicit drug testing sample clean-up takes 50-75% of the total analysis time and remains one of the main bottlenecks [14]. Generally, to detect synthetic cannabinoids, commercial resins without http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2017.01.072 Received 13 November 2016; Received in revised form 23 January 2017; Accepted 25 January 2017 any post functionalization are used to clean up samples like wastewater, human serum, whole blood, urine and hair [12,[15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective solid phase extraction of JWH synthetic cannabinoids by using computationally designed peptides

Mascini

Montesano

Pérez

et al. 2017

Talanta

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A B S T R A C TThe objective of the present work is to demonstrate a rational way to prepare selective sorbents able to extract simultaneously several structural analogs. For this purpose the binding specificity of two hexapeptides computationally designed (VYWLVW and YYIGGF) versus four synthetic cannabinoids Naphthalen-1-yl-(1-pentylindol-3-yl)methanone (JWH 018), naphthalen-1-yl-(1-butylindol-3-yl)methanone (JWH 073), (R)-(1-((1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)methyl)-1H-indol-3-yl)(naphthalen-1-yl)methanone (AM 1220) and (R)-(+)-[2,3-Dihydro-5-methyl-3-(4-morpholinylmethyl)pyrrolo[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl]-1-napthalenylmethanone (WIN 55) was computationally studied and then experimentally tested by solid-phase extraction (SPE) clean-up and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) analysis. The two peptides were chosen using a semi combinatorial virtual technique by generating 4 cycles of peptide libraries (around 2.3×10 4 elements). To select the two peptides, the simulated binding scores between synthetic cannabinoids and peptides was used by maximizing the recognition properties of amino acid motif between the two JWH and the other synthetic cannabinoids. In particular, the peptide YYIGGF, having also affinity for AM 120, was selected as control because it was the only one without tryptophan residues within the best peptides obtained from simulation. Experimentally, the two hexapeptides were tested as SPE sorbent using nanomolar solutions of the four drugs. After optimization of best retentions the binding constants were calculated by loading synthetic cannabinoids solutions at different concentrations. The results indicated a strong interaction between hexapeptide VYWLVW and JWH 018 (15.58 ± 2.03×10 6 M -1 ), 3-fold and 40-fold larger compared to the analog JWH 073 and both AM 1220 and the WIN 55. Similar trend was observed for the hexapeptide YYIGGF but the binding constants were at least three times lower highlighting the key role of the tryptophan. To demonstrate the hexapeptides specific interaction with only synthetic cannabinoids, a cross-reactivity study was carried out using other drugs (cocaine, morphine, phencyclidine and methamphetamine) in the same SPE condition. Finally the practical utility of these peptide modified sorbent materials was further demonstrated by detecting the synthetic cannabinoids in real samples using hair matrix.

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Determinations of new psychoactive substances in biological matrices with focus on microextraction techniques: a review of fundamentals and state-of-the-art extraction methods

et al. 2021

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Microextraction Techniques in Illicit Drug Testing: Present and Future

Cited by 5 publications

References 15 publications

Recent Advances in the Use of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering for Illicit Drug Detection

Recent Advances in the Use of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering for Illicit Drug Detection

Selective solid phase extraction of JWH synthetic cannabinoids by using computationally designed peptides

Determinations of new psychoactive substances in biological matrices with focus on microextraction techniques: a review of fundamentals and state-of-the-art extraction methods

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