“…Studies of novel materials at the nanometer scale have been the most important and challenging task in the modern material science, which involves nanoparticles, nanowires, nanotubes and their significant roles in medicines, biomedical engineering, environmental applications, and surface science [5 -7]. The recent advances of nanotechnology have opened up research opportunities on materials with ultrafine nanostructures [8,9]. The nanostructures with large specific surface area could provide an important and feasible platform for catalysis [10], separation [11], sorption [12], sensing [13,14], and fuel cells [15,16].…”