Microencapsulation of probiotics and its applications with prebiotic in Pacific white shrimp larvae through Artemia sp.

Abstract

This study aimed to produce microencapsulated probiotic Pseudoalteromonas piscicida (1Ub) and evaluate it with preb­iotic mannan-oligosaccharide (MOS) through the enrichment of Artemia sp., on bacterial population, growth performances, immune responses, and disease resistance of Pacific white shrimp larvae. Microencapsulation of probiotic was done by the freeze-drying method. The shrimp larvae were reared for 13 days and fed by the Artemia sp. enriched with microcapsule of probiotic 1Ub (10 g/L), prebiotic MOS (12 mg/L), synbiotic, and control without administration of microencapsulated probiotic and prebiotic, including negative (C-) and positive (C+) control. On the day 14, all of the experimental shrimp larvae except C- were challenged through immersion method with Vibrio harveyi MR5339 (107 CFU/mL). This study showed that the administration of microcapsule of probiotic 1Ub, prebiotic MOS, and synbiotic through the enrichment of Artemia sp. could increase the bacteria population, growth performances, immune responses, and disease resistance of Pacific white shrimp larvae. Moreover, synbiotic treatment demonstrated the best result compared to other treatments.Keywords: probiotic, prebiotic, synbiotic, Pacific white shrimp, microencapsulation ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat mikrokapsul probiotik Pseudoalteromonas piscicida (1Ub) dan mengevaluasinya dengan prebiotik mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) melalui pengayaan Artemia sp. terhadap populasi bakteri, performa pertumbuhan, respons imun dan resistensi penyakit pada larva udang vaname. Mikroenkapsulasi probiotik dilakukan dengan metode freeze-drying. Larva udang dipelihara selama 13 hari dan diberi pakan Artemia sp. yang telah diperkaya dengan mikrokapsul probiotik 1Ub (10 g/L), prebiotik MOS (12 mg/L), sinbiotik, dan kontrol tanpa penambahan mikrokapsul probiotik dan prebiotik, termasuk kontrol negatif (C-) dan positif (C+). Pada hari ke-14, seluruh larva udang percobaan kecuali C- diuji tantang melalui metode perendaman dengan Vibrio harveyi MR5339 (107 CFU/mL). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian mikrokapsul probiotik 1Ub, prebiotik MOS, dan sinbiotik melalui pengayaan Artemia sp. dapat meningkatkan populasi bakteri, performa pertumbuhan, respons imun, dan resistensi penyakit pada larva udang vaname. Selain itu, perlakuan sinbiotik menunjukkan hasil terbaik dibandingkan perlakukan lainnya.Kata kunci : probiotik, prebiotik, sinbiotik, udang vaname, mikroenkapsulasi

Harnessing the potentialities of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, paraprobiotics, and postbiotics for shrimp farming

“…315,316 Increment of proPO and RB activities were also evident along with the significant increase in THC in treated shrimps compared to the untreated controls. 121,128,194,285,315,317,318 Besides, the expression of immune genes, such as Pen-3a, HSP-70, STAT, ALF, and proPO, were upregulated as a result of prebiotic inclusion. 41,50,193 A higher survival rate was also observed in the prebiotic treatment group when the shrimps were challenged with pathogens such as A.hydrophila, 313 Vibrio parahaemolyticus, 295 V.harveyi, 194 Vibrio alginolyticus, and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV).…”

“…Fermentation of prebiotics generates metabolites, amino acids, polyamines, and SCFAs such as propionate, butyrate, and acetate. 285,320,321 The SCFAs provide an essential energy source to sustain beneficial microbes and the epithelial cells lining the gut. In addition to that, SCFAs also demonstrate antimicrobial and immunomodulatory potentials, which greatly increase the survival rate of the host.…”

“…A consistent pattern has been observed amongst the experiments comparing the effectiveness between intervention groups, whilst synbiotic functional feeds were found to confer the greatest protection against infectious diseases, followed by probiotics, prebiotics, and the untreated control. 128,285 Although prebiotic additives would constitute an effective intervention on their own, they do not always result in the desired effects. Widagdo and Wahjuningrum 348 noted that treatment with prebiotics derived from sweet potato extract resulted in the highest survival rate of shrimps at 86% as compared to that of the synbiotics and V. alginolyticus SKT-b probiotic-treated group at 80% and 75%, respectively.…”

Incorporation of probiotic bacteria on larval culture of Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller, 1862)

“…Another advantage usually associated with the utilization of probiotics is their ability to enhance enzymatic activities, leading to increased alimentary efficiency (Nimrat et al, 2012;Kumar et al, 2016;Flegel, 2019). These benefits have been reported in several species of crustaceans, such as: Cherax tenuimanus (Ambas et al, 2013), Homarus gammarus (Daniels et al, 2013), Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Dash et al, 2014), Litopenaeus vannamei (Jamali et al, 2015;Xue et al, 2016;Bernal et al, 2017;Ramadhani et al, 2019), and Scylla paramamosain (Talib et al, 2017).…”

Enhancing the productivity performance of Cyprinus carpio L. by Manihot utilissima Pohl. leaves supplementation

“…Immunostimulant plant-based materials such as seaweed, probiotics, and fungi contain anti-microbial effects that can improve product performance and immune system in aquaculture (Efianda et al, 2018;Ramadhani et al, 2019;Rudi et al, 2019). Immunostimulant material derived from plants is relatively easy to handle, and it poses no pollution toward the environment, thus it is recommended for cultivation activity in the long term (Panda et al, 2012;Munaeni et al, 2020).…”