Microencapsulation of extract containing shikonin using gelatin–acacia coacervation method: A formaldehyde-free approach

The study of pH-dependent complexation between gelatin and gum arabic by morphology evolution and conformational transition

“…Nowadays, considerable research efforts are being devoted to the reaction of complex coacervation, attributing to not only the biological significance of the proteinepolysaccharide system but also its potential application in a variety of fields, including pharmaceutical and food industry (Huang, Cheng, Yu, Tsai, & Cham, 2007;Lee & Rosenberg, 2000;Weinbreck, Minor, & de Kruif, 2004;Xing, Cheng, Yang, & Ma, 2004). As shown in various studies, the reaction is highly sensitive to series of parameters, like pH (Schmitt et al, 2000), mixing ratio (MR), total concentration of biopolymers (Liu, Low, & Nickerson, 2009), ionic strength and type of ion (Wang, Wang, Ruengruglikit, & Huang, 2007).…”

A novel green gelatin–agar microencapsulation system with P. urinaria as an improved anti-A. niger model

“…Microencapsulation is a micro-packaging technique used for microcapsule production by surrounding small particles of solids, droplets of liquids or dispersions of solids in liquids within polymer coatings to give small capsules useful for various applications (Lam, Gambari, et al, 2012;Lam, Lee, Kok, et al, 2012;Lam, Lee, Wong, et al, 2012;. Gelatin, as a biodegradable polymer, is required a crosslinker formaldehyde to improve the general properties of microcapsules Huang, Cheng, Yu, Tsai, & Cham, 2007). However, formaldehyde can cause respiratory stimulations (Kulle, 1993) and allergic contact dermatitis (O'Quinn & Barrett Kennedy, 1965).…”

Tannic acid cross-linked gelatin–gum arabic coacervate microspheres for sustained release of allyl isothiocyanate: Characterization and in vitro release study

“…Formaldehyde or glutaraldehyde, which can form Schiff's base with the free amino groups of gelatin, is commonly used as a cross-linking agent (Xing et al, 2004). However, such aldehyde agents are considered to be toxic to human body, which is one of the major limitations of using the complex coacervation to produce microspheres in food and pharmaceutical industries (Dong et al, 2007;Huang, Cheng, Yu, Tsai, & Cham, 2007). Tannins, widely distributed plant polyphenols, could be employed as a safe alternative cross-linker because of their ability to complex with conformationally open proteins, such as gelatin, primarily through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions (Hagerman & Butler, 1981;Xing et al, 2004).…”