A novel green gelatin–agar microencapsulation system with P. urinaria as an improved anti-A. niger model

Lam, P. L.; Kok, Stanton Hon Lung; Ho, Y.-W.; Wong, Raymond; Cheng, Gregory Yin Ming; Cheng, Chor Hing; Lam, Kim Hung; Gambari, Roberto; Lee, Kenneth K.; Chui, Chung Hin

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.09.080

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The method for microcapsule formation was as previously reported with slight modifications (5,15). Agarose and gelatin were hydrated in deionized water and mixed well together at 70-80˚C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this section, 2 mg of samples were pelleted with 200 mg of KBr through the vacuum process. The chemical compositions of the developed microcapsules were examined using a Spectrum 100 Series FT-IR Spectrometer (Perkin Elmer), as previously described (5,7,15).…”

Section: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (Ftir) Anlaysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The particle size of the microcapsules was evaluated according to the captured SEM images. A total number of 500 microcapsules was counted manually, as previously described (5,7,15).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both female guinea pigs and mice had skin sensitizations with 0.3-3.0% of glutaraldehyde and dose-dependent contact hypersensitivity (14). Recently, we demonstrated the use of an agar/gelatin-based microencapsulation system for the delivery of Phyllanthus urinaria for antifungal application (15). Treatment with an agar/gelatin-based system containing Phyllanthus urinaria led to a slight improvement in antifungal activity due to a comparatively weak strength of agar gel in the microencapsulation system (15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, we demonstrated the use of an agar/gelatin-based microencapsulation system for the delivery of Phyllanthus urinaria for antifungal application (15). Treatment with an agar/gelatin-based system containing Phyllanthus urinaria led to a slight improvement in antifungal activity due to a comparatively weak strength of agar gel in the microencapsulation system (15). In order to enhance the antifungal effects, agarose may be an alternative polymer to be combined with gelatin as wall matrix materials of microcapsules to enhance the potential antifungal effects of the entrapped antifungal agent and prevent the harmful effects of using the hazardous crosslinker.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-toxic agarose/gelatin-based microencapsulation system containing gallic acid for antifungal application

Lam

Gambari

Kok

et al. 2014

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

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Abstract.Aspergillus niger (A. niger) is a common species of Aspergillus molds. Cutaneous aspergillosis usually occurs in skin sites near intravenous injection and approximately 6% of cutaneous aspergillosis cases which do not involve burn or HIV-infected patients are caused by A. niger. Biomaterials and biopharmaceuticals produced from microparticle-based drug delivery systems have received much attention as microencapsulated drugs offer an improvement in therapeutic efficacy due to better human absorption. The frequently used crosslinker, glutaraldehyde, in gelatin-based microencapsulation systems is considered harmful to human beings. In order to tackle the potential risks, agarose has become an alternative polymer to be used with gelatin as wall matrix materials of microcapsules. In the present study, we report the eco-friendly use of an agarose/gelatin-based microencapsulation system to enhance the antifungal activity of gallic acid and reduce its potential cytotoxic effects towards human skin keratinocytes. We used optimal parameter combinations, such as an agarose/gelatin ratio of 1:1, a polymer/oil ratio of 1:60, a surfactant volume of 1% w/w and a stirring speed of 900 rpm. The minimum inhibitory concentration of microencapsulated gallic acid (62.5 µg/ml) was significantly improved when compared with that of the original drug (>750 µg/ml). The anti-A. niger activity of gallic acid -containing microcapsules was much stronger than that of the original drug. Following 48 h of treatment, skin cell survival was approximately 90% with agarose/gelatin microcapsules containing gallic acid, whereas cell viability was only 25-35% with free gallic acid. Our results demonstrate that agarose/gelatin-based microcapsules containing gallic acid may prove to be helpful in the treatment of A. niger-induced skin infections near intravenous injection sites.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (Ftir) Anlaysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The particle size of the microcapsules was evaluated according to the captured SEM images. A total number of 500 microcapsules was counted manually, as previously described (5,7,15).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-toxic agarose/gelatin-based microencapsulation system containing gallic acid for antifungal application

Lam

Gambari

Kok

et al. 2014

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

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Natural Polysaccharides as Pharmaceutical Excipients

Yılmaz¹,

Çılgı²,

Yılmaz³

2015

Handbook of Polymers for Pharmaceutical Technologies

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Production and characterization of multinuclear microcapsules encapsulating lavender oil by complex coacervation

Xiao

Liu

Zhu

et al. 2013

Flavour & Fragrance J

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The aim of this work was to encapsulate lavender oil by complex coacervation using gelatin and gum Arabic as encapsulants. The effects of various factors including pH value, the core/wall ratio, wall material concentration, stirring speed, cross‐linkers and homogenization rate on the appearance, mean particle size, yield, loading capacity (LC) and encapsulation efficiency (EE) were investigated. The optimal conditions (pH 3.5, core/wall 3:2, wall material concentration 1%, stirring speed 450 rpm, homogenization rate 19 000 rpm and glutaraldehyde as cross‐linker) for preparing spherical multinuclear microcapsules were obtained. At the optimal conditions, the highest yield is 65.8 ± 1.0%; the maximum LC is 61.3 ± 0.7%; the highest EE is 66.0 ± 0.3%. The effect of three different cross‐linkers on the hardening effectiveness of multinuclear microcapsules containing lavender oil was investigated. Glutaraldehyde and transglutaminase exhibit similar microcapsule hardening effectiveness. When tannic acid was used instead of glutaraldehyde and transglutaminase, the mean particle size and EE remained the same as that when hardening with glutaraldehyde or transglutaminase, but the morphology obviously changes, while the yield and LC significantly decrease. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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A novel green gelatin–agar microencapsulation system with P. urinaria as an improved anti-A. niger model

Cited by 20 publications

References 11 publications

Non-toxic agarose/gelatin-based microencapsulation system containing gallic acid for antifungal application

Non-toxic agarose/gelatin-based microencapsulation system containing gallic acid for antifungal application

Natural Polysaccharides as Pharmaceutical Excipients

Production and characterization of multinuclear microcapsules encapsulating lavender oil by complex coacervation

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