Microencapsulating polymers for probiotics delivery systems: Preparation, characterization, and applications

Razavi, Seyedehhamideh; Janfaza, Sajjad; Tasnim, Nishat; Gibson, Deanna L.; Hoorfar, Mina

doi:10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106882

Cited by 121 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 262 publications

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“…However, the acidity of the gastrointestinal tract is a harsh environment that limits the mucoadhesion and colonization of alien probiotics. To date, microcapsules are still an ideal candidate to protect probiotics from the environmental stresses in food and medical industries ( 44 ). Zhuge et al ( 45 ) delivered that L. salivarius in microgels could boost viability during transit through the gastrointestinal organs and attenuate liver injury by reducing inflammation and intestinal permeability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactobacillus rhamnosus Encapsulated in Alginate/Chitosan Microgels Manipulates the Gut Microbiome to Ameliorate Salt-Induced Hepatorenal Injury

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2022

Front. Nutr.

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As the essential regulator of intestinal bacterial diversity, probiotics are a potential treatment for chronic high-salt diet (HSD)–induced metabolic dysfunction. Probiotic cells entrapped in microgels have been confirmed as being more effective than free cells in protecting bacteria against unfavorable conditions, that is, enhancing their stress resistance. This study explored the physiological mechanism by which probiotic microgels relieve HSD–induced hepatorenal injury. Herein, Lactobacillus rhamnosus was encapsulated in alginate-chitosan microgels which the percentage of alginate/chitosan was applied 1.5:0.5 (w/w) in this system, and the encapsulation significantly improved the probiotic viability in simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Mice were fed an HSD with L. rhamnosus (SDL) or L. rhamnosus microgels (SDEL). After 8 weeks of administration, dietary sodium was confirmed as inducing the hepatic and renal damages in mice, based on indicators, including serum biomarker levels, histopathological features of tissues, and pro-inflammatory cytokine contents in blood levels. However, the serum levels of urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase in the SDL and SDEL-fed mice were significantly lowered compared to the HSD-fed mice, especially in the SDEL group. HSD increased the abundances of Anaeroplasma, Enterorhabdus, Parvibacter, and Bacteroides, while the microgels increased the abundances of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Mucispirillum, and Faecalibaculum. Significant variations of fecal metabolome were validated for SDEL-treated mice, containing those linked to entero-hepatic circulation (e.g., cholic acid), carbohydrate metabolism (i.e., L-lactic acid), and increased antioxidants including citric acid. Furthermore, the probiotic microgels ameliorated intestinal damage by improving barrier and absorption functions. These results augmented existing knowledge on probiotic application for salt toxicity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactobacillus rhamnosus Encapsulated in Alginate/Chitosan Microgels Manipulates the Gut Microbiome to Ameliorate Salt-Induced Hepatorenal Injury

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2022

Front. Nutr.

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“…Probiotics can be protected from environmental stresses using microcapsules and released in a regulated manner. Its absorption in the intestinal tract can also be aided by mucoadhesive polymers ( Razavi et al, 2021 ). Nanocomposite, nano-emulsification, and nano-structuration will help open up a whole new chapter of possibilities for probiotics applications.…”

Section: Challenges and Future Outlooksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotechnological Innovations and Therapeutic Application of Pediococcus and Lactic Acid Bacteria: The Next-Generation Microorganism

Peter

Qiao

Godspower

et al. 2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Lactic acid bacteria represent a worthwhile organism within the microbial consortium for the food sector, health, and biotechnological applications. They tend to offer high stability to environmental conditions, with an indicated increase in product yield, alongside their moderate antimicrobial activity. Lack of endotoxins and inclusion bodies, extracellular secretion, and surface display with other unique properties, are all winning attributes of these Gram-positive lactic acid bacteria, of which, Pediococcus is progressively becoming an attractive and promising host, as the next-generation probiotic comparable with other well-known model systems. Here, we presented the biotechnological developments in Pediococcal bacteriocin expression system, contemporary variegated models of Pediococcus and lactic acid bacteria strains as microbial cell factory, most recent applications as possible live delivery vector for use as therapeutics, as well as upsurging challenges and future perspective. With the radical introduction of artificial intelligence and neural network in Synthetic Biology, the microbial usage of lactic acid bacteria as an alternative eco-friendly strain, with safe use properties compared with the already known conventional strains is expected to see an increase in various food and biotechnological applications in years to come as it offers better hope of safety, accuracy, and higher efficiency.

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“…Probiotics with significant pharmacological activity mainly include Lactobacillus species, Bifidobacterium species, Bacillus species, Saccharomyces species, and Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Their pharmacological activities have been investigated in animal models, such as the prevention and treatment of diarrheal diseases (acute infantile diarrhea, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, nosocomial infection) [ 6 , 7 ], prevention of systemic infection [ 8 ], management of inflammatory bowel disease [ 7 , 9 ], immunomodulation [ 8 ], prevention and treatment of allergies [ 10 ], anticancer effects [ 11 ], treatment of cholesterol, and relief of lactose intolerance [ 10 ]. In recent years, probiotics have been extensively studied as a treatment option for various diseases such as obesity [ 12 ], diabetes [ 13 ], cancer [ 14 ], human immunodeficiency virus infection [ 15 ], and irritable bowel syndrome [ 16 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Probiotic delivery systems are critical for ensuring that a sufficient amount of probiotics reach the large intestine and are released in the colon [ 17 ], since free probiotics are prone to be easily destroyed by the harsh conditions within the human upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT), such as the presence of antimicrobial lysozyme in the mouth [ 18 ], the low pH conditions in the stomach [ 19 ], the bile salts and digestive enzymes in the small intestine [ 20 ], and other complex factors including osmotic pressure and oxidative stress through the gastrointestinal tract. Microencapsulation is a widely applied technique for probiotic delivery system, which can package various bioactive components in protective shells that provide physical barriers to improve the viability and bioavailability of probiotics [ 6 , 21 , 22 , 23 ].The probiotic delivery carriers of microencapsulated shells, which have been reported in the past, are mainly natural polymers [ 17 , 24 ] such as k-carrageenan, alginate, pectin and starch derivatives, gum arabic, gellan, xanthan, and animal proteins [ 25 , 26 ]. Among these probiotic delivery carriers, alginate (Alg) has attracted much attention due to its excellent physicochemical and mechanical properties [ 27 , 28 , 29 ], including simple structure, simple raw materials, low toxicity, mild processing, and ease in forming a gel matrix around the bacteria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microencapsulating Alginate-Based Polymers for Probiotics Delivery Systems and Their Application

et al. 2022

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Probiotics exhibit many health benefits and a great potential for broad applications in pharmaceutical fields, such as prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal tract diseases (irritable bowel syndrome), prevention and therapy of allergies, certain anticancer effects, and immunomodulation. However, their applications are limited by the low viability and metabolic activity of the probiotics during processing, storage, and delivery in the digestive tract. To overcome the mentioned limitations, probiotic delivery systems have attracted much attention. This review focuses on alginate as a preferred polymer and presents recent advances in alginate-based polymers for probiotic delivery systems. We highlight several alginate-based delivery systems containing various types of probiotics and the physical and chemical modifications with chitosan, cellulose, starch, protein, fish gel, and many other materials to enhance their performance, of which the viability and protective mechanisms are discussed. Withal, various challenges in alginate-based polymers for probiotics delivery systems are traced out, and future directions, specifically on the use of nanomaterials as well as prebiotics, are delineated to further facilitate subsequent researchers in selecting more favorable materials and technology for probiotic delivery.

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Microencapsulating polymers for probiotics delivery systems: Preparation, characterization, and applications

Cited by 121 publications

References 262 publications

Lactobacillus rhamnosus Encapsulated in Alginate/Chitosan Microgels Manipulates the Gut Microbiome to Ameliorate Salt-Induced Hepatorenal Injury

Lactobacillus rhamnosus Encapsulated in Alginate/Chitosan Microgels Manipulates the Gut Microbiome to Ameliorate Salt-Induced Hepatorenal Injury

Biotechnological Innovations and Therapeutic Application of Pediococcus and Lactic Acid Bacteria: The Next-Generation Microorganism

Microencapsulating Alginate-Based Polymers for Probiotics Delivery Systems and Their Application

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