Microencapsulated Insecticides: Their Current Status in Relation to Beekeeping in the USA

Stoner, Allan W.; Ross, Barbara; Wilson, William T.

doi:10.1080/0005772x.1982.11097862

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Several publications support this idea by demonstrating that bee larvae may be at risk not only when they are exposed to IGRs, i.e. in situations where the regulatory hazard quotient (HQ) is < 50, but also when they are exposed to other substances, in particular systemic insecticides which contaminate nectar and pollen,7, 14–17 encapsulated insecticide formulations18–20 and substances showing a higher intrinsic toxicity to larvae than to adults 21, 22…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of dimethoate and fenoxycarb to honey bee brood (Apis mellifera), using a new in vitro standardized feeding method

Aupinel¹,

Fortini²,

Michaud³

et al. 2007

Pest Management Science

103

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A new in vitro method was devised to assess the effects of pesticides on honey bee brood. The method allowed the quantification of doses ingested by larvae and the assessment of larval and pupal mortality. Larval mortality in control samples was lower than 10%. Two active substances were tested: dimethoate and fenoxycarb. The LD(50) of dimethoate was 1.9 microg larva(-1) 48 h after oral exposure of larvae at day 4. Additional dose-related effects on pupal mortality were noted. After a chronic intoxication, the NOAEC (No Observed Adverse Effect Concentration) for larval mortality at day 7 was 2.5 mg kg(-1), whereas a NOAEC of 5 mg kg(-1) was found at day 22 for delayed effects on the reduction of adult emergence. Fenoxycarb applied at day 4 showed no effect on larvae, whereas emergence of adults was affected at doses higher than 6 ng larva(-1).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of dimethoate and fenoxycarb to honey bee brood (Apis mellifera), using a new in vitro standardized feeding method

Aupinel¹,

Fortini²,

Michaud³

et al. 2007

Pest Management Science

103

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show abstract

“…The primary insecticide used in the initial beetle control programs was carbaryl, formulated as Sevin 4-Oil by Union Carbide (Mayo 1976) followed in later years with Sevin XLR. In 1980, Penncap-M (microencapsulated methyl-parathion; Elf Atochem North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA) was approved for use in Þeld corn (Stoner et al 1982). Growers in this region slowly adopted Penncap-M, and by the early 1990s, it had replaced carbaryl as the primary insecticide for beetle control because of its extended residual activity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Risk of Resistance to Aerial Applications of Methyl-Parathion in Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Caprio

Nowatzki

Siegfried

et al. 2006

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Microencapsulation

Thies¹

2000

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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Thies, Curt (Washington University). This article discusses the concept of microencapsulation, many processes by which microcapsules are produced, and a number of microcapsule applications. Nomenclature and selected materials used to form microcapsules are summarized briefly. Encapsulation processes discussed include complex coacervation, polymer–polymer incompatibility, interfacial and in situ polymerization, solvent evaporation, extractive drying, submerged stationary nozzle and centrifugal nozzle, spray drying, fluidized bed, and rotational suspension separation. Microcapsule applications discussed include graphic arts such as carbonless copy paper, prolonged herbicides and insecticides, oral and injectable pharmaceuticals, live cell immobilization for biomedical and biotechnological applications, enhanced performance of food ingredients such as flavors and vitamins, and several general consumer uses such as cosmetics and adhesives.

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Microencapsulated Insecticides: Their Current Status in Relation to Beekeeping in the USA

Cited by 3 publications

References 5 publications

Toxicity of dimethoate and fenoxycarb to honey bee brood (Apis mellifera), using a new in vitro standardized feeding method

Toxicity of dimethoate and fenoxycarb to honey bee brood (Apis mellifera), using a new in vitro standardized feeding method

Assessing Risk of Resistance to Aerial Applications of Methyl-Parathion in Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Microencapsulation

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