Microelectronics Thermal Sensing: Future Trends

Corrosion monitoring at the interface using sensors and advanced sensing materials: methods, challenges and opportunities

“…Owing to temperature gradient between hot sensor element and cold reference junction, a voltage is formed, and any difference in voltage is reported as temperature through the Seebeck effect [14]. The measurable temperature range could be from −270°C to 2300°C [14,70], and it could measure temperature rise of solid structures, pipeline and interface conditions [142,144]. Thermocouple sensors are typically placed on the object's surface at the interface to measure temperature.…”

“…It can measure the temperature range 0°C-80°C with high-level of accuracy. The disadvantages of thermocouples are that it is less accurate than platinum resistance temperature detectors, and protection are required to stop the contamination for long life service [14,20].…”

“…The galvanic sensor is another technique to sense corrosion where the potential changes indicate the corrosion process on the interface [12,13]. The temperature sensor (thermocouple) is a technique that measures the interface temperature based on the voltage creation between the temperature gradient [14]. The pH sensor indicates interface pH based on the voltage difference of the electrodes [15].…”

Self-Referenced Temperature Sensor Based on Conjugated Polyelectrolytes

“…Nowadays, micro- and nanoscale thermal sensing has been becoming increasingly important as technology is constantly shifting toward smaller and more complex systems. For example, thermal sensing is crucial in the development of microelectronics, where having spatially resolved temperature sensors unlocks a deeper understanding of physical phenomena and enables the optimization of microelectronic devices’ efficiency and operation. , Another example is in cellular microbiology, where thermal sensors can be a great tool for unraveling never-seen-before cellular and biological functions. In recent work, a fluorescence-based temperature probe was used to thermally measure and track the temperature of cellular mitochondria and reported temperatures around 50 °C, 15 degrees more than the gross body temperature .…”