Microcystin-RR induces apoptosis in fish lymphocytes by generating reactive oxygen species and causing mitochondrial damage

Abstract

Microcystin-RR (MCRR), a very widespread toxic microcystin in China, has previously been proved to induce sensitive apoptosis in Carassius auratus lymphocytes in vitro. This study focused on the role of intracellular Ca(2+), mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species, and intracellular ATP in the mechanism of MCRR-induced apoptotic toxicity to fish lymphocytes. Compared with controls, administration of MCRR (10 nmol L(-1)) caused a massive calcium influx resulting in elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), rapid disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsim), and depletion of ATP. This study provided a possible mechanism for the cytotoxicity of microcystins to fish lymphocytes.

Mechanisms of Microcystin-induced Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis

“…Our previous study also showed that pre-treatment of BSO enhanced the level of oxidative stress and promoted MC-induced apoptosis [55]. MCinduced oxidative stress and apoptosis were also observed in studies on aquatic animals both in vivo [73][74][75] and in vitro [56,[76][77][78].…”

Ca2+ and caspases are involved in hydroxyl radical-induced apoptosis in erythrocytes of Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian)

“…The intracellular Ca 2? plays an important role in the apoptotic process (Zhang et al 2008). Caspase-3 is the marker protein of apoptosis participating in degradation of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins during this process (Kondera and Witeska 2013;Mosca et al 2013).…”

Bibliometric analysis of research on microcystins in China and worldwide from 1991 to 2011

“…Microcystins can cause both acute and chronic "Toxicity" in "Fish" and other aquatic animals and make the "Drinking water" unavailable. The "Oxidative Stress" caused by microcystins can cause the "Apoptosis" of mammal cells [14,15]. (d) Detection of toxins.…”

“…In addition, the inhibition of phosphorylation process is also related to tumor promotion in that PP2A was showed to have an ability to suppress the development of tumor cells [13]. There also have been reports that microcystins can evoke the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cause DNA damage in mammalian cells [14,15].…”