Microcystin-RR-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species and alteration of antioxidant systems in tobacco BY-2 cells

The Role of Glutathione Metabolism in Tolerance of Tobacco BY-2 Suspension Cells to Microcystin-RR

“…The phytotoxic effects of microcystins (MCs) in both terrestrial and aquatic plants have been investigated and most of the investigations showed that exposure to MCs presented a harmful effect on growth and development of plants. Recently, there has been more and more evidence suggesting that oxidative stress can be involved in the toxicity of microcystins in plants (Pflugmacher 2004;Yin et al 2005). In response to the induced oxidative stress, plants may activate certain defence mechanisms which can serve as protection from the toxicity of MC-RR.…”

Human Exposure to Cyanotoxins and their Effects on Health

“…The growth, development, photosynthetic activity, productivity, and mineral nutrition of wheat (Triticum durum), maize (Zea mays), pea (Pisum sativum), and lentil (Lens esculenta) cultivars was also found to be diversely affected by a cyanobacterial extract with MC-LR (36). It was also noted that, both submerged and emergent, aquatic plants absorb MC-LR from low external concentrations, and accumulate it in the shoot tissue (39,45,46). Furthermore, when exposed to MC-LR, aquatic plants exhibited an inhibition of growth and photosynthetic oxygen production, while their chlorophyll pigments became bleached (47).…”

Mitochondrial electron transport chain is involved in microcystin-RR induced tobacco BY-2 cells apoptosis

“…bright yellow 2) were cultured in KCMS liquid medium and maintained as previously specified (Yin et al, 2005). The apoptotic system induced by MC-RR in tobacco BY-2 cells was established according to Huang et al (2008b).…”

“…Intracellular ROS was detected by using a fluorescent probe, 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA), according to He and Häder (2002) and Yin et al (2005) with slight modifications. DCFH-DA (final concentration 5 μmol/L) was added to the cells suspended in 3 mL of 0.1 mol/L PBS (pH 7.8) and the mixture was incubated in an incubator at 25°C in the dark for 1 hr.…”

“…Recently, the oxidative mechanisms in plants have been well established (Pflugmacher, 2004;Yin et al, 2005;Huang et al, 2008aHuang et al, , 2008b. Oxidative stress is considered as a mediator of apoptosis (Chakraborti et al, 1999).…”