Microcomputed tomography: approaches and applications in bioengineering

Boerckel, Joel D.; Mason, Devon E.; McDermott, Anna M.; Alsberg, Eben

doi:10.1186/scrt534

Cited by 123 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…Fluorochrome markers bind to calcium ions and become incorporated at mineralization sites in the form of hydroxyapatite crystals, permitting the evaluation of bone formation in throughout the experimental period . Many studies have used micro‐CT to obtain high‐resolution images and to assess quantitative data on the density and trabecular structure of human bone in three dimensions . In dental implant research, micro‐CT has also been employed increasingly often to evaluate the quality of the implant/bone, and the results of micro‐CT have been validated with histomorphometry .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…25,27 Many studies have used micro-CT to obtain high-resolution images and to assess quantitative data on the density and trabecular structure of human bone in three dimensions. 38 In dental implant research, micro-CT has also been employed increasingly often to evaluate the quality of the implant/bone, and the results of micro-CT have been validated with histomorphometry. 21 Micro-CT evaluations provide spatial images of all bone around the implant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Osseointegration of zirconia and titanium implants in a rabbit tibiae model evaluated by microtomography, histomorphometry and fluorochrome labeling analyses

Martins

Cestari

Arantes

et al. 2017

J of Periodontal Research

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osseointegration of zirconia and titanium implants in a rabbit tibiae model evaluated by microtomography, histomorphometry and fluorochrome labeling analyses

Martins

Cestari

Arantes

et al. 2017

J of Periodontal Research

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“…Scaffold porosity, average pore size, internal strut thickness and spacing, microstructural orientation (i.e. anisotropy), surface area and surface-to-volume ratio can be nondestructively quantified using XCT , assisting the development of novel scaffolds design and manufacture for bone repair Boerckel et al, 2014). A large surface area promotes cell attachment, migration and proliferation, whereas high porosity facilitates nutrient and waste diffusion and, consequently, bone tissue ingrowth and vascularisation (blood vessel invasion) (Zeltinger et al, 2001;Karageorgiou & Kaplan, 2005).…”

Section: Xct Characterisation Of Scaffolds and Biomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of X‐ray computed tomography for the evaluation of biomaterial‐mediated bone regeneration in critical‐sized defects

Fernández

Witte²,

Tozzi

2019

Journal of Microscopy

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Bone as such displays an intrinsic regenerative potential following fracture; however, this capacity is limited with large bone defects that cannot heal spontaneously. The management of critical‐sized bone defects remains a major clinical and socioeconomic need with osteoregenerative biomaterials constantly under development aiming at promoting and enhancing bone healing. X‐ray computed tomography (XCT) has become a standard and essential tool for quantifying structure–function relationships in bone and biomaterials, facilitating the development of novel bone tissue engineering strategies. This paper presents recent advancements in XCT analysis of biomaterial‐mediated bone regeneration. As a noninvasive and nondestructive technique, XCT allows for qualitative and quantitative evaluation of three‐dimensional (3D) scaffolds and biomaterial microarchitecture, bone growth into the scaffold as well as the 3D characterisation of biomaterial degradation and bone regeneration in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, in combination with in situ mechanical testing and digital volume correlation (DVC), XCT demonstrated its potential to better understand the bone–biomaterial interactions and local mechanics of bone regeneration during the healing process in relation to the regeneration achieved in vivo, which will likely provide valuable knowledge for the development and optimisation of novel osteoregenerative biomaterials. Lay Description Bone, being a dynamically adaptable material, displays excellent regenerative properties following fracture. However, the self‐healing capacity of bone becomes more difficult with large bone defects. Those defects are common and occur in many clinical situations; hence, biomaterials are mostly used to restore both bone structure and function in the defect site. X‐ray computed tomography (XCT) is a powerful tool to evaluate bone regeneration in critical‐sized defects after the implantation of biomaterials, allowing to an improved understanding of the regeneration process following different bone tissue engineering approaches. This paper focuses on recent advancements in XCT analysis to characterise biomaterial‐mediated bone regeneration in critical‐sized defects. XCT supports three‐dimensional (3D) analysis of biomaterials, scaffolds and regenerated bone microarchitecture, as well as bone ingrowth into the scaffold. As a nondestructive technique, XCT allows for a 3D characterisation of biomaterial degradation and bone regeneration over time. In addition, XCT combined with in situ mechanical experiments and digital volume correlation (DVC) provides a 3D evaluation and quantification of bone–biomaterial interactions and deformation mechanisms during the regeneration process. This remains essential for the development and enhancement of novel biomaterials able to produce bone that is comparable with the native tissue they aim to replace.

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“…One common technique for in toto imaging of mesoscopic samples is micro-computed tomography. This method uses the attenuation of x-rays by the sample as a contrast mechanism and is mainly applied to bony structures 1 . For more specific visualization of soft tissue, light based techniques as confocal microscopy are used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of second harmonic generation and multispectral imaging as new contrast mechanisms in scanning laser optical tomography

Nolte

Antonopoulos

Heisterkamp

et al. 2018

Three-Dimensional and Multidimensional Microscopy: Image Acquisition and Processing XXV

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Another valuable intrinsic contrast mechanism is second harmonic generation (SHG), which is generated in noncentrosymmetric materials and commonly used to image collagen in biological samples. The angular dependence of the SHG signal, however, produces artifacts in reconstructed optical tomography datasets (OPT, SLOT). Thus, successful use of this intrinsic contrast mechanism is impaired. We investigate these artifacts by simulation and experiment and propose an elimination procedure that enables successful reconstruction of SHG-SLOT data. Nevertheless, in many cases specific labeling of certain structures is necessary to make them visible. Using multiple dyes in one sample can lead to crosstalk between the different channels and reduce contrast of the images. Also autofluorescence of the sample itself can account for that. By using multispectral imaging in combination with spectral unmixing techniques, this loss can be compensated. Therefore either a spectrally resolved detection path, or spectrally resolved excitation is required. Therefore we integrated a white supercontinuum light source in our SLOT-setup that enables a spectral selection of the excitation beam and extended the detection path to a four channel setup. This enables the detection of three fluorescence channels and one absorption channel in parallel, and increases the contrast in the reconstructed 3D images significantly.

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Microcomputed tomography: approaches and applications in bioengineering

Cited by 123 publications

References 96 publications

Osseointegration of zirconia and titanium implants in a rabbit tibiae model evaluated by microtomography, histomorphometry and fluorochrome labeling analyses

Osseointegration of zirconia and titanium implants in a rabbit tibiae model evaluated by microtomography, histomorphometry and fluorochrome labeling analyses

Applications of X‐ray computed tomography for the evaluation of biomaterial‐mediated bone regeneration in critical‐sized defects

Investigation of second harmonic generation and multispectral imaging as new contrast mechanisms in scanning laser optical tomography

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