Micrococcus luteus – An Alternative Test Germ for Testing the Hygienic Performance of Commercial Freshwater Dishwashers

Klapper, Diana; Zinn, Marc-Kevin; Schulze-Struchtrup, Sarah; Esmarch-Rummler, Britta von; Stamminger, Rainer

doi:10.3139/113.110578

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Next to E. faecium , a bacterium that is currently used in dishwasher testing (Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V. , , ), different strains of M. luteus were used in the testing. This organism was recently described as an alternative test organism in commercial dishwashers (Klapper et al ). This micro‐organism shows good differentiation and has the advantage that it is classified into a lower biosafety‐level (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin , ) so that it can be handled in all laboratories with basic microbiological equipment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A method to evaluate factors influencing the microbial reduction in domestic dishwashers

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aims:To develop a method that is able to determine the microbial reduction in different dishwasher cleaning cycles and differentiate between different program parameters used. Methods and Results: Stainless steel biomonitors were contaminated with Micrococcus luteus or Entereococcus faecium and cleaned in a specially programmed household dishwasher with different cleaning temperatures and durations. No detergent, bleach-free detergent or detergent containing activated oxygen bleach was used. The logarithmic reduction (LR) was determined. The microbial reduction depended on the cleaning temperature, the duration of the cleaning cycles and the detergent type used. LR increased with higher temperatures, longer cleaning cycles and use of detergent. Conclusions: The factors cleaning cycle temperature, cleaning cycle duration, final rinsing temperature and the use of detergent all contributed to the reduction of test-strains in dishwasher cycles. A combination of longer dishwashing cycles and increased temperatures resulted in LR max of the microbial load. Significance and Impact of the Study: Cycles in domestic appliances are very diverse; therefore a standardized method to determine their ability to reduce the microbial load is of great use. The method described here is able to demonstrate the reductions achieved by dishwashing cycles with different parameters and might help to find the necessary balance between energy saving and an acceptable level of hygiene.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A method to evaluate factors influencing the microbial reduction in domestic dishwashers

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Synthesis and Performance Analysis of New Anionic–Nonionic Gemini Surfactants

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Microwave-assisted method was used to synthesize successfully a series of new surfactants. Maleic anhydride, ethylenediamine, polyoxyethylene lauryl ether (number of polymerization of ethylene oxide = 3, 5, 7, 9, 12) and sodium sulfite were used. The optimal reaction conditions for synthesizing five new surfactant products were obtained by response surface design. The chemical structure of five new surfactant products were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), mass spectrometry, elementary analysis and 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) analysis. The critical micelle concentration (CMC), surface tension, emulsifying power and foaming capacity in aqueous solution were studied. The microemulsion cutting fluid was also prepared by micro-emulsification of self-made new anionic–nonionic Genimi surfactant. The influence of the different structural unit of ethoxy (EO) and additives on the surface properties of five new prepared products was researched. CMC and γcmc of five new prepared products were in the scope of 3.39×10−4~3.48×10−4 mol/L and 21.9~23.4 mN/m respectively. Oxalamide polyoxyethylene(12) lauryl biether succinate sodium sulfonate was the optimum foamability and foam stability among five new prepared surfactants. Oxalamide polyoxyethylene( 3) lauryl biether succinate sodium sulfonate was the best emulsification power in the five new product. The cutting fluid prepared by self-made Gemini surfactant showed good performance. Experimental results show that it is expected to be a wide range applications in oil emulsification and other fields for new Gemini surfactants.

show abstract

Hygiene in Commercial Dishwashing – A Review about the State of Knowledge in Research, Standardization, Regulation and Market Information

Struchtrup

Esmarch-Rummler²,

Stamminger

2021

Tenside Surfactants Detergents

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The current state of knowledge about hygiene (efficacy testing) in commercial dishwashers will be collated in this review. Therefore, studies about hygiene in commercial dishwashing are summarised and existing standards, guidelines and the legislative basis described. Finally, examples of information available from the market, for example, detergents are presented. The use of bioindicators contaminated with bovine albumin, mucin, corn starch and Enterococcus faecium is widely established in studies, which was the basis for the introduction of standards. Standards prescribe minimum temperatures for cleaning and rinsing, and most of them provide microbiological testing methods. A worldwide standardized test method for hygiene in commercial dishwashers would guarantee the comparability of country-specific standards but procedures currently available would need great efforts to be unified. A definition of a specified hygiene target level on cleaned dish items would also be meaningful because a harmless level of microorganisms can be achieved with it regardless of the initial microbial count or the process used.

show abstract

Micrococcus luteus – An Alternative Test Germ for Testing the Hygienic Performance of Commercial Freshwater Dishwashers

Cited by 5 publications

References 4 publications

A method to evaluate factors influencing the microbial reduction in domestic dishwashers

A method to evaluate factors influencing the microbial reduction in domestic dishwashers

Synthesis and Performance Analysis of New Anionic–Nonionic Gemini Surfactants

Hygiene in Commercial Dishwashing – A Review about the State of Knowledge in Research, Standardization, Regulation and Market Information

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About