Microchannel plate detectors

Wiza, Joseph Ladislas

doi:10.1016/0029-554x(79)90734-1

Cited by 1,011 publications

(165 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…20 For a given MCP bias and ion mass, the ion impact kinetic energy has been shown to have the most significant effect on MCP detection efficiency. 18,19,21 The detection efficiency has also been observed to increase with incident ion kinetic energy 21,22 up to saturation (the level at which saturation occurs is dependent on MCP bias and ion mass [22][23][24] ). Consequently, the detection efficiency of the MCP's must be taken into account in order to accurately investigate the ion energy distribution.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Angular and energy distribution of Sn ion debris ejected from a laser-produced plasma source, for laser power densities in the range suitable for extreme ultraviolet lithography

O'Connor¹,

Morris²,

Sokell³

2011

Journal of Applied Physics

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In this paper, experimental results are presented for the spatial and energy distributions of charge-discriminated Sn ions ejected from laser-produced plasmas. The plasmas were formed on solid, planar Sn targets, irradiated with a Nd:YAG laser. Ions were investigated using a calibrated electrostatic sector analyzer, scanning an energy-to-charge ratio range of 0.22 to 2.2 keV/e for emission angles between 20 and 80 degrees relative to target normal. Results were obtained for three laser power densities, in the region suitable for inducing significant extreme ultraviolet emission, of the order 1.5–8.1 × 1011 W/cm2. The fully differentiated data were found to be well characterized by Gaussian fits, which allowed trends in the emission profiles to be readily quantified. Ions of set energy and charge were observed to possess a preferential angle of emission, the superposition of which yields a physical basis for the total angular emission observed previously and in this work. The experimental results obtained have been related to physical processes within the plasma that influence the energy and angle of ejection of ions from laser produced plasmas.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Angular and energy distribution of Sn ion debris ejected from a laser-produced plasma source, for laser power densities in the range suitable for extreme ultraviolet lithography

O'Connor¹,

Morris²,

Sokell³

2011

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…The few direct measurements for electron energies around 1 keV that have been published largely confirm this value, but come with quite large uncertainties. [29][30][31] In the following, we thus assume ε M = 0.6 (2). The value of γ is even harder to estimate.…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

An efficient, movable single-particle detector for use in cryogenic ultra-high vacuum environments

Spruck

Becker

Fellenberger

et al. 2015

Review of Scientific Instruments

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A compact, highly efficient single-particle counting detector for ions of keV/u kinetic energy, movable by a long-stroke mechanical translation stage, has been developed at the Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, MPIK). Both, detector and translation mechanics, can operate at ambient temperatures down to ∼10 K and consist fully of ultra-high vacuum compatible, high-temperature bakeable, and non-magnetic materials. The set-up is designed to meet the technical demands of MPIK's Cryogenic Storage Ring. We present a series of functional tests that demonstrate full suitability for this application and characterise the set-up with regard to its particle detection efficiency.

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“…4 Therefore, the image intensifier is acting as a dc gain system rather than its typical application as a charged particle pulse height detector. Operation in the dc mode puts a strong constraint on the amount of charge that can be extracted from the MCP detector before the channels become depleted of charge and exhibit reduced nonlinear gain.…”

Section: Measurement Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Prototype high resolution multienergy soft x-ray array for NSTX

Tritz

Stutman

Delgado‐Aparicio

et al. 2010

Review of Scientific Instruments

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A novel diagnostic design seeks to enhance the capability of multienergy soft x-ray (SXR) detection by using an image intensifier to amplify the signals from a larger set of filtered x-ray profiles. The increased number of profiles and simplified detection system provides a compact diagnostic device for measuring T(e) in addition to contributions from density and impurities. A single-energy prototype system has been implemented on NSTX, comprised of a filtered x-ray pinhole camera, which converts the x-rays to visible light using a CsI:Tl phosphor. SXR profiles have been measured in high performance plasmas at frame rates of up to 10 kHz, and comparisons to the toroidally displaced tangential multi-energy SXR have been made.

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Microchannel plate detectors

Cited by 1,011 publications

References 44 publications

Angular and energy distribution of Sn ion debris ejected from a laser-produced plasma source, for laser power densities in the range suitable for extreme ultraviolet lithography

Angular and energy distribution of Sn ion debris ejected from a laser-produced plasma source, for laser power densities in the range suitable for extreme ultraviolet lithography

An efficient, movable single-particle detector for use in cryogenic ultra-high vacuum environments

Prototype high resolution multienergy soft x-ray array for NSTX

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