Microbiota-Dependent Regulation of Antimicrobial Immunity in the Lung

Maschirow, Laura; Suttorp, Norbert; Opitz, Bastian

doi:10.1165/rcmb.2019-0101tr

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…In addition to inflamm-ageing and immunosenescence, microbiota diversity reduction contributes to the weak immune system among frail older adults. The pathogens interactions with the immune system happen in an environment that is influenced by its endogenous microbiota, owing to their high capacity to regulate many immunity aspects, including innate and adaptive immunity, locally and at distant sites, in particular in the intestine and lungs [ 41 – 43 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different aspects of frailty and COVID-19: points to consider in the current pandemic and future ones

et al. 2021

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Background Older adults at a higher risk of adverse outcomes and mortality if they get infected with Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS- CoV-2). These undesired outcomes are because ageing is associated with other conditions like multimorbidity, frailty and disability. This paper describes the impact of frailty on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) management and outcomes. We also try to point out the role of inflamm-ageing, immunosenescence and reduced microbiota diversity in developing a severe form of COVID-19 and a different response to COVID-19 vaccination among older frail adults. Additionally, we attempt to highlight the impact of frailty on intensive care unit (ICU) outcomes, and hence, the rationale behind using frailty as an exclusion criterion for critical care admission. Similarly, the importance of using a time-saving, validated, sensitive, and user-friendly tool for frailty screening in an acute setting as COVID-19 triage. We performed a narrative review. Publications from 1990 to March 2021 were identified by searching the electronic databases MEDLINE, CINAHL and SCOPUS. Based on this search, we have found that in older frail adults, many mechanisms contribute to the severity of COVID-19, particularly cytokine storm; those mechanisms include lower immunological capacity and status of ongoing chronic inflammation and reduced gut microbiota diversity. Higher degrees of frailty were associated with poor outcomes and higher mortality rates during and after ICU admission. Also, the response to COVID-19 vaccination among frail older adults might differ from the general population regarding effectiveness and side effects. Researches also had shown that there are many tools for identifying frailty in an acute setting that could be used in COVID-19 triage, and before ICU admission, the clinical frailty scale (CFS) was the most recommended tool. Conclusion Older frail adults have a pre-existing immunopathological base that puts them at a higher risk of undesired outcomes and mortality due to COVID-19 and poor response to COVID-19 vaccination. Also, their admission in ICU should depend on their degree of frailty rather than their chronological age, which is better to be screened using the CFS.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different aspects of frailty and COVID-19: points to consider in the current pandemic and future ones

et al. 2021

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“…The positive role for probiotic microbes is stimulating the immunity through the complex mechanism of pattern recognition receptor, sometimes called priming the mucosal immune system (Freitas & Silva, 2014;Maschirow et al, 2019) or triggering the "trained innate immunity" (Yakabe et al, 2021). This mechanism is directly connected with the presence of bacterial antigenic components, such as lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) or β-glucans.…”

Section: Probiotics As Essential Microbiota -Stimulating and Barrier Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Germ free animals show impairments and defective development of lymphoid structures, a reduced number and dimensions of lymph nodes and antibody production failure (Freitas & Silva, 2014;Maschirow et.al., 2019). Moreover, the haematopoiesis, also circulation of the immune cells and their activity in GIT-distant body sites are strongly intertwined with the presence of microbiota derived mediators, such as acetates, propionates, butyrates, and single chain fatty acids (SCFAs) (Maslowski et al, 2009;Maschirow et al, 2019). SCFAs high levels, related to the abundance of Bifidobacterium or Lactobacillus sp.…”

Section: Probiotics As Essential Microbiota -Stimulating and Barrier Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…promote an increase in the IgG levels, while the secretion of IgA and IFN-γ was proven to be connected with Bifidobacterium longum BB536 levels (Yakabe et al, 2021). There is also a great impact of the microbiota on the lung antimicrobiological immunity, increasing the host's tolerance to specific infections, thus protect-ing from infection induced pathologies (Freitas & Silva, 2014;Maschirow et al, 2019).…”

Section: Probiotics As Essential Microbiota -Stimulating and Barrier Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Probiotics in the times of COVID-19

et al. 2021

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The time of COVID-19 pandemic focused the attention of scientist to recognise the complex medical symptoms of the disease, modes of infection and possible therapies. The organisms’ response towards SARS-CoV-2 infection depends on many individual factors and the course of disease is described as unprecedented and complex. Numerous symptoms from the respiratory system, abnormalities in the gastrointestinal tract, stroke, liver damage and coagulopathy, among others, are accompanied by negative side effects of the pandemic lifestyle, including immunity depletion, overall fitness impairment, skin condition worsening, psychological and psychiatric consequences. There is an urgent need to seek all possible routes for assuring favouring conditions to build and support the organisms’ microbiological barriers and enhance immunity, which will also help during the ongoing vaccination action. Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) and environmental Bacillus species are microorganisms typically found in food products or dietary supplements, but also applied on body surfaces or technological surfaces at home and in the industry. Since the contemporary definition of probiotics points to positive health effects, it is of highest importance to follow strict regulations and standards of product manufacturing, especially in the times of biohazard risks and rising public distrust of therapies. There is an urgent need to seek all possible routes for assuring the favouring conditions to build and support the organisms' microbiological barriers and enhance the immunity, that will serve also during the ongoing vaccination action. Probiotic LAB and environmental Bacillus species are microorganisms typically found in food products or dietary supplements, but also applied on body surface or technological surfaces in household and industry. Since the contemporary definition of probiotics points out the positive health effects, it is of highest importance to follow strict regulations and standards of product manufacturing, especially in the times of biohazard and rising public distrust of therapies.

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“…The mucosal surface and lumen of the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal (GI) tract, urinary tract, and reproductive tract are composed of microbiota communities, known as “microbiota” [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. The GI tract, especially the colon, is populated with the largest microbiota density, defined as “gut microbiota”.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Gut Microbiota and Development of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

et al. 2021

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Background: It is well known that women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have gut dysbiosis. However, the dynamic alterations of gut microbiota in GDM are unclear. Additionally, the effects of maternal gut microbiota on the gut microbiota of their newborns remains controversial. The primary objective of this study is to determine the association between types and amounts of gut microbiota and development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: Eighty-eight pregnant women, including 39 non-GDM and 49 GDM, and their 88 offspring were enrolled. Maternal feces were collected at the time of GDM diagnosis (24–28 weeks of gestation) and at before delivery (≥37 weeks of gestation). Meconium and the first feces of their newborns were also obtained. Results: from quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) showed that maternal Lactobacillales was decreased from baseline to the time before delivery in both non-GDM and GDM. Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio at before delivery was higher in the GDM group. However, there was no difference of neonatal gut microbiota between groups. Conclusions: Although we found only few gut microbiota that demonstrated the difference between GDM and non-GDM, gut microbiota may play a more important role in the development of severer GDM. Therefore, a further study comparing the gut microbiota composition among non-GDM, GDM with diet modification only, GDM with insulin therapy, GDM with successful treatment, and GDM with failure of treatment is needed.

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Microbiota-Dependent Regulation of Antimicrobial Immunity in the Lung

Cited by 16 publications

References 81 publications

Different aspects of frailty and COVID-19: points to consider in the current pandemic and future ones

Different aspects of frailty and COVID-19: points to consider in the current pandemic and future ones

Probiotics in the times of COVID-19

Association between Gut Microbiota and Development of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

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