Association between Gut Microbiota and Development of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Background: It is well known that women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have gut dysbiosis. However, the dynamic alterations of gut microbiota in GDM are unclear. Additionally, the effects of maternal gut microbiota on the gut microbiota of their newborns remains controversial. The primary objective of this study is to determine the association between types and amounts of gut microbiota and development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: Eighty-eight pregnant women, including 39 non-GDM and 49 GDM, and their 88 offspring were enrolled. Maternal feces were collected at the time of GDM diagnosis (24–28 weeks of gestation) and at before delivery (≥37 weeks of gestation). Meconium and the first feces of their newborns were also obtained. Results: from quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) showed that maternal Lactobacillales was decreased from baseline to the time before delivery in both non-GDM and GDM. Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio at before delivery was higher in the GDM group. However, there was no difference of neonatal gut microbiota between groups. Conclusions: Although we found only few gut microbiota that demonstrated the difference between GDM and non-GDM, gut microbiota may play a more important role in the development of severer GDM. Therefore, a further study comparing the gut microbiota composition among non-GDM, GDM with diet modification only, GDM with insulin therapy, GDM with successful treatment, and GDM with failure of treatment is needed.

Gut microbiota in women with gestational diabetes mellitus has potential impact on metabolism in pregnant mice and their offspring

“…Several studies discovered that the gut microbiota composition of women with GDM was different from that of women without GDM (Sililas et al, 2021), and this may be closely related to the pathogenesis of GDM (Koren et al, 2012;Mokkala et al, 2017;Crusell et al, 2018). Different studies have different interpretations of the abundance of gut microbiota in women with GDM and have explored many related bacteria, including bacteria that were positively [Bacteroides dorei (Wu et al, 2020), Blautia (Liu et al, 2020), Klebsiella variicola (Kuang et al, 2017), Ruminococcaceae (Mokkala et al, 2017)] and inversely [Bifidobacterium (Kuang et al, 2017), Akkermansia (Everard et al, 2013;Liu et al, 2020;Shih et al, 2020), Faecalibacterium (Tilg andMoschen, 2014)] related to GDM.…”

Microbiome alterations in women with gestational diabetes mellitus and their offspring: A systematic review

“…The 49 included studies were classified for data extraction according to the type of the studied microbiome and were included in the Supplementary Tables 1–7 . In some studies, the microbiome of more than one organ or microbiome of both women and their offspring were included, and the data of these articles was mentioned separately in each corresponding table, hence some articles might be listed in more than one table ( 16 – 24 ). The microbiome types were classified into the following categories: gut (30 articles), oral (8 articles), and vaginal (5 articles) microbiome of women with GDM in Supplementary Tables 1, 2 and 3 , respectively; and gut (9 articles), oral (3 articles), and placental (4 articles) microbiome of offspring to women with GDM in Supplementary Tables 4, 5 and 6 , respectively.…”

Changes in the Gut Microbiome and Pathologies in Pregnancy

“…The F/B ratio is considered to be a marker of low-grade systemic inflammation in obesity and insulin resistance [ 79 ]. Furthermore, Sililas et al observed that F/B in the third trimester of pregnancy was higher in patients with GDM compared to the control group [ 80 ].…”