Microbiota-dependent influence of prebiotics on the resilience of infant gut microbiota to amoxicillin/clavulanate perturbation in an in vitro colon model

Abstract

Antibiotic exposure disturbs the developing infant gut microbiota. The capacity of the gut microbiota to recover from this disturbance (resilience) depends on the type of antibiotic. In this study, infant gut microbiota was exposed to a combination of amoxicillin and clavulanate (amoxicillin/clavulanate) in an in vitro colon model (TIM-2) with fecal-derived microbiota from 1-month-old (1-M; a mixed-taxa community type) as well as 3-month-old (3-M; Bifidobacterium dominated community type) breastfed infants. We investigated the effect of two common infant prebiotics, 2′-fucosyllactose (2’-FL) or galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), on the resilience of infant gut microbiota to amoxicillin/clavulanate-induced changes in microbiota composition and activity. Amoxicillin/clavulanate treatment decreased alpha diversity and induced a temporary shift of microbiota to a community dominated by enterobacteria. Moreover, antibiotic treatment increased succinate and lactate in both 1- and 3-M colon models, while decreasing the production of short-chain (SCFA) and branched-chain fatty acids (BFCA). The prebiotic effect on the microbiota recovery depended on the fermenting capacity of antibiotic-exposed microbiota. In the 1-M colon model, the supplementation of 2’-FL supported the recovery of microbiota and restored the production of propionate and butyrate. In the 3-M colon model, GOS supplementation supported the recovery of microbiota and increased the production of acetate and butyrate.

Presence of digestible starch impacts in vitro fermentation of resistant starch

“…Faecal samples of infants were collected within the Baby Carbs Study as briefly reported by Endika and co-authors. 47 Faecal slurries of two individual adults, two weaning infants at 6 months old and the same two infants at 9-10 months old were prepared as described above, snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at −80 °C prior to use.…”

Seeding and feeding milestones: the role of human milk microbes and oligosaccharides in the temporal development of infant gut microbiota

“…The V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified in duplicate using barcoded 515F [26]-806R [27] primers. The full description of the PCR steps has been provided in a previous study [28]. 25 or 30 PCR cycles were used for fecal or milk samples, respectively.…”

Galactooligosaccharide Mediates NF-κB Pathway to Improve Intestinal Barrier Function and Intestinal Microbiota

“…Studies have found that adding prebiotics early in life can help infants establish a healthy gut microbiome [17]. At the same time, the direct or combined use of prebiotics in the treatment of infant diarrhea is more effective than the use of antibiotics alone and can effectively prevent intestinal disorders caused by antibiotics, etc., which also suggests that the use of prebiotics to correct intestinal microecological disorders may become an important measure to improve antibiotic treatment [18]. However, it is currently unclear whether GOS alleviates intestinal barrier damage by promoting probiotic proliferation, and similarly, few studies have investigated the effect of GOS on preventing and recovering microbiota after ampicillin-induced microbiota disruption.…”