Microbiota analysis with next-generation 16S rDNA gene sequencing in recurrent common bile duct stones

Abstract

Background: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the main remedy for gallstones, but the postoperative recurrence rate is high. Recent research has indicated that the biliary microbiome takes part in the pathogenesis of cholelithiasis. However, it is not yet known whether biliary microbiome dysbiosis is relevant to recurrent cholelithiasis.Methods: Thus, we investigated the bacterial communities of the biliary microbiomes of patients with recurrent common bile duct (CBD) stones and analyzed the relationship between recurrent CBD stones and biliary microbiota. The bile specimens of 5 patients with recurrent CBD stones (FF) and 45 patients with primary CBD stones (YF) were collected during the ERCP process. The microbiota was analyzed using 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) high-throughput sequencing. We also identified the link between recurrent CBD stones and biliary microbiota.Results: Our results showed that at the phylum level, proteobacteria and firmicutes were the main two genera groups, and proteobacteria was high in FF patients. Additionally, synergistetes were high, but Bacteroidetes and actinobacteria were low in FF patients. The microbiomes in the bile of the YF patients were more evenly distributed than those in the bile of the FF patients. We also discovered that FF patients had decreased microbial bile diversity. At the genus level, klebsiella dominated in the FF patients, while Escherichia-shigella dominated in the YF patients. Additionally, klebsiella was higher in the FF patients than the YF patients. Conclusions:The observed differences in the genera between the recurrent CBD stone FF patients and the YF patients provide novel insights into the link between biliary microbiota changes and recurrent CBD stones.

A Comparative Investigation of the Bile Microbiome in Patients with Choledocholithiasis and Cholecystolithiasis through Metagenomic Analysis

“…The connection between decreased microbial diversity and gallstone disease has been emphasized by previous research [ 9 , 16 , 27 , 28 ], highlighting the need to consider an individual’s overall gut microbiota composition when assessing their risk of developing this condition. Patients with recurrent cholelithiasis may exhibit an imbalance in their bile microbial communities, potentially contributing to gallstone formation [ 15 ]. Bile microbial communities in patients with primary CBD stones appear to be more evenly distributed than those in patients with recurrent CBD stones.…”

“…Thus, MPS has significantly broadened our knowledge of the biliary tract microbiome and its role in health and illness [ 6 , 9 , 13 ]. Various studies have employed metagenomic sequencing to illustrate variations in the metabolic profile, bacterial diversity, and physiological states of the microbial communities in the CBD for choledocholithiasis [ 6 , 14 , 15 ] and the gallbladder for cholecystolithiasis [ 16 , 17 ]. However, as far as we are aware, no research has compared metagenomic differences in bile microbial communities based on the gallstone’s location in patients with choledocholithiasis or cholecystolithiasis.…”

Insight into the mechanism of gallstone disease by proteomic and metaproteomic characterization of human bile

“…For instance, studies have demonstrated that gut microbes, such as Desulfovibrionales, can influence the formation of cholesterol-type gallstones by regulating bile acid production and cholesterol secretion ( Hu et al, 2022 ). Furthermore, dysbiosis in the biliary microbiota has been associated with the recurrence of bile duct stones ( Tan et al, 2022 ). Specific components of the bile microbiome, such as Enterobacteriaceae, have also been linked to the development of CHL and gallbladder cancer ( Choe et al, 2021 ).…”