Microbiome-Metabolome Responses to a High-Grain Diet Associated with the Hind-Gut Health of Goats

Abstract

Studies on the effect of a high-concentrate (HC) diet on the hindgut microbiota and metabolome of ruminants are rarely reported. We used 454 pyrosequencing of 16S rDNA genes and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to evaluate the effects of long-term feeding (HL) or short-term (HS) feeding of an HC diet on changes in bacterial microbiota and their metabolites in the hindgut, with Guanzhong goat as a ruminant model. Results indicated that an HC diet decreased bacterial diversity and induced metabolic disorder in the hindgut. The levels of lactate, endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS), and volatile fatty acid concentrations were higher in the intestinal digesta of the HC goats than in those of the LC goats (P < 0.05). The level of beta-alanine decreased, whereas the levels of stigmasterol and quinic acid decreased in the cecal and colonic digesta of the HC goats. At the genus level, the abundance of Clostridium and Turicibacter was significantly increased in both the colonic and cecal digesta of the HC goats. Several potential relationships between metabolites and several microbial species were revealed in this study. The mRNA expression of the genes functionally associated with nutrients transport, including NHE2, NHE3, MCT1, and MCT4 were significantly downregulated in the colonic mucosa by the HC diet (P < 0.05). The expression levels of the genes related to the inflammatory response, including TLR4, MYD88, TNF-α, and IL-1β were markedly upregulated in the cecal mucosa by the HC diet (P < 0.05). Our results indicate that an HC diet induces microbiota dysbiosis, metabolic disorders, and mucosal damage in the hindgut of goats.

Effects of Dietary Grape Seed Meal Bioactive Compounds on the Colonic Microbiota of Weaned Piglets With Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitis Used as an Inflammatory Model

“…Similarly, herein, the Firmicutes phylum was decreased in a significant way (p < 0.05) under DSS effect and was not affected by the addition of GSM into the diet in a significant way. Clostridium, Roseburia, Acidaminococcus, and Escherichia are often cited as the genera usually found in abundance in irritable bowel diseases (48)(49)(50)(51)(52) and DSS treatment, while Lactobacillus, Prevotella, and Faecalibacterium are cited as negatively impacted or inversely correlated with the severity of the disease (33,(53)(54)(55)(56). Indeed, in our work, Roseburia, Megasphera, and CF231 increased significantly under the DSS presence while Lactobacillus registered a significant decrease overall.…”

Dynamic Alterations in Yak Rumen Bacteria Community and Metabolome Characteristics in Response to Feed Type

“…β-Alanine, which has been proposed as an intermediate in the formation of acrylamide and acetonitrile or as a direct precursor of poly-β-alanine, is normally metabolized into acetic acid. Higher concentrations of β-alanine are related to larger amounts of starch and readily available carbohydrates, indicating that the conversion efficiency from volatile fatty acids to carbohydrates is decreased (Ametaj et al, 2010; Saleem et al, 2012; Sanchez et al, 2017; Tao et al, 2017).…”

Diet with a High Proportion of Rice Alters Profiles and Potential Function of Digesta-Associated Microbiota in the Ileum of Goats

“…Thus, the high abundance of Firmicutes in ileal digesta bacteria emphasized that Firmicutes played a role in the utilization of carbohydrates, protein and amino acid. Tao et al [ 30 ] deduced that the second-most abundant bacterial community, Bacteroidetes of Gram-negative bacteria were increased in the hindgut by a HC diet. However, in the current research, Tenericutes was the second most abundant bacterial community in the ileum.…”